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McCulloh, Henry Folder 4�• e�JG2��-Y" acv ��(a�� ;. --- 091. APPo/M'sn °5Ll✓ _ �y�C ,� /%—/%_',J _ _— - _ /J �J,¢ _ c� /�eu+ 24 gi,+.lner ,v�v�fy _� /�%'// ��. ,7c.s�0/jL mo,✓fr'oRD GG•✓GRlL /9sy lie Co %IC_ - ss.✓ ��HEN.P� council/rr /Ice- l - GE41Z,*e 7W . /aiF*,?q Mew CA' NqG/i AX .066 t6 �untY_Public _ � Qt/9t/FGl Coyle l//e ��m��,,,�5t$V{�`r•� �C ,$9�'IuG-L AShG •+l /S}' Nv✓_ / 96 a _ -- M�"• - - --JaNG 3!/at�T.r p�- -0maR� AtonYeabm.f%J. C✓r' Tom E 4./Ge.,+ x/ 6r0✓ /ss�e /av✓ a d p�� viand a�c�Pa /J�p /gig Errs 3_/�-/999 - _ � C#owaA/ ,f-,_AIC- P7 17 /c.1777 /i S rGl - �f //8la9,'lc/J� ✓r kx • � �c s dal a l/ Davie County Public Library Mocksville, NC 3 m 4 "" v 11I sf b) ,�/ , A- // 4 b" 4 FORSYTH GYNECOLOGIC ASSOCIATES, P. A. i 2909 MAPLEWOOD AVENUE WINSTON-SALEM, NORTH CAROLINA 27103 i TELEPHONE 919-765-2802 JOHN H. MONROE. M. D. H. RAY STURKIE, M. D. QUINCY A. McNE1L, JR.. M. D. a �g� Aopr &.Oj. W,4� Meta (oovsivsJ e pcc nci//o r 0 AIf o ,��. 4 m00% �� ov APAoi.✓TS� �Sf avAe� _ jy�; � � g�$ � '� S/.sfc/ � 7/(b'/�/Cd ��/TICS /i✓ Q �'�/� Awe) ,� /�� o�/.ifG✓ /'i��,Ci::c.G�t,. � n! svR v r ra�c C 416491r-'-� Ina G6;A16-Af4 179Y CO a• ✓�o�c.�, C o u n c !//v✓ Aw. aW ,5v.Id&ss frb», /lifA//s,+X 1'76a ova dcr9p Covr✓C ///s✓ /.SSvE /.fl' ,�q-dluG L fi�Sh�a' .q uK'll � nig ,, , ,�241- cSo•c/ /ss� cs �o.✓ a d %e. C1/ a wA^' _ A'<-. G'' IQC„q�v ' a�o(R..Qc.� .�1A.rrrza.Qae� Go�►�+o �� gat, y 3 i,�, /x`17►. 144�a .. l ; ��- AI,; m L - ?MIX ev '� a� 17Sv ,O a p P6. go Up o Oj �. Davie Count Public �. Y is Library Mocksv o ate, SIC pavie County Public Ubrary pAocksvdie, NC INTRODUCTION The idea of stamp duties as a means of revenue in the American colonies did not originate with George Grenville. It had, in fact, been recommended a number of times before the framing of the Stamp Act of 1765. The measure was suggested by Archibald Cum- mings, a customs official of Boston, in 1716 and 1717, and be recurred to it again in 1722. Stamp duties were also recommended in 1728 and 1742 by Sir 'William Keith, sometime Deputy Governor of Pennsylvania, and that the policy was seriously considered in the latter year is evident from the fact that Governor Clinton of New York advised against it. At the time of the Seven Years War, the levy of stamp duties was seriously contemplated by the Newcastle ministry; William Pitt favored such a policy, as did also Governor Sharpe of Maryland. However, the individual to whom George _. Grenville was especially indebted for the policy made famous by the Stamp Act was Henry McCulloh, a holder of vast tracts of land Vin North Carolina and once a special agent of His Majesty's Govern- j ment in the Carolinas. — - McCulloh was a typical adventurer in the realm of colonial politics LJv and economics. He is said to have been a merchant of London, SZ6 and his home was at Turnham Green, Middlesex County. He d N probably became interested in North Carolina through his relations V with Gabriel Johnston, to whom he advanced considerable sums of �k�j money between 1726 and 1733; indeed, when Johnston, in the latter year, was appointed Governor of North Carolina, McCulloh loaned him the funds to pay for his commission and to purchase the equip - 0 ment necessary for his new station in life. In the meantime, McCulloh developed an interest in general questions of public administration and in 1733 his name appears in the Treasury Records. Some. five years later, in 1738, he presented to the Treasury two memorials 1 concerning the evils in the quit rent and land system of North Carolina, and asked to be employed to correct abuses and make im- provements. These memorials came at an opportune time, for His r Majesty's Government had not been able to secure satisfactory legis - Q lation on quit rents from the Carolina. Assemblies nor to break up 0 land speculations by the official classes. It was therefore decided to send McCulloh as a special representative of the Crown with 144 TRACTS CONCERNING NORTH CAROLINA power to reform the administration of the land offices and to bring about better methods in the collection of the rents in North Carolina and South Carolina. He arrived in the latter colony in March 1741, and in September proceeded to North Carolina. It is not ` necessary here to give an account of his mission, save to note that it was a failure; he antagonized the official classes in both provinces and he did not secure the cooperation of the Assemblies. In 1747 he returned to England after an extended tour of other colonies. His experience in the Carolinas stimulated his interest in questions of colonial administration. In England be defended the protest of the Albemarle counties of North Carolina against the act of 1746, which had reduced their representation. He seems also to have =.ti been appointed naval officer at Cape Breton, an office which was vacated after the return of Cape Breton to the French in 1748. A few years later, specifically in 1753, he applied to lord Halifax and the Duke of 1�Tewcastle for an appointment either as Secretary of North Carolina or Naval Officer for the power James River District. The former appointment he received in 1754, and in 41 the same year, his friend Arthur Dobbs becoming Governor of the province, he was also appointed a member of the Council and appeared in that body in March 1755. However, he did not long remain in North Carolina; he probably returned to England in the same year to attend to business relating to his land grants. Certainly 2' he was there in 1761, for in that year he sent his son, Henry Eustace`'. McCulloh, to North Carolina to represent his business interests in the colony. McCnIloh's deepest interest in the New World was that of a land speculator. In 1737 the Crown delivered to Murray Crymble and - James Huey, trustees for McCulloh, warrants for 1,200,000 acres in North Carolina, on condition that 6,000 foreign Protestants should t be colonized. In 1745 the lands were surveyed in tracts of 100,000 acres, which lay on the upper Pee Dee, Cape Fear, and Neuse ` rivers. Two of the tracts were assigned to John Selwyn and two �l to Arthur Dobbs, later to be Governor of the province. All grantees were exempt from quit rents until 1756, by which time it was ex- pected that settlements would be completed. Quite naturally there r.- were difficulties in administration. It was found that 475,000 acres `•i_ were included in the Granville District, and in 1755 a compromise �tt _ was reached by which McCulloh was to become the tenant of Gran- - .- C� t a=' fi INTRODUCTION 145 ville, paying him an annual lump sum until 1760, and thereafter four shillings per hundred acres for land actually settled, and re- leasing all claims to land not settled. This was the business that probably caused _McCulloh to return to England in 1755. With the Crown, also, there were difficulties. By 1754 the number of settlers was only S54, instead of the thousands contemplated in 1737, but on account of the Cherokee War the period at which quit rents were to begin was extended to 1760. There were difficulties in carrying out this agreement, but in 1162 it was decided that McCulloh and Ilia associates should retain the lands actually colonized at the rate of 200 acres for each settler, and that they should surrender all claim for the remainder. But when commissioners began to make a census of the settlers, they met bitter opposition, for many who lived near the South Carolina line claimed land under grants from that provinee, and others produced grants from the North Carolina land office. In Anson County the authority of the sheriff was invoked by the com- missioners, but such was the temper of the people that all effort to apportion lands between the Crown and McCulloh failed. During the Revolution all property rights of McCulloh to lands in worth Carolina were confiscated. Such are the broad outlines of McCulloh's relations with the Caro- linas. Ilia experiences and observations caused him to think seriously concerning two problems of imperial administration. The first was the need of a stable colonial currency; so in 1755 he sub- mitted to the Earl of Halifax a bill for creating and issuing bills of credit under the denomination of exchequer bills of Union, to be in general use in His Majesty's colonies. If this measure had been adopted, it would not only have solved the practical currency prob- lems of the Seven Years War in America, but might have driven from circulation colonial currency. The other problem which con- cerned him was that of the terms of the peace that followed the war. This was the subject of a memorial submitted in 1761 to the Earl of Bute, entitled Miscellaneous Representations Relative to Our Concerns in America. Its theme is that England should not be satisfied with taking from the French merely Canada or Guada- loupe, for Canada would be a liability if Louisiana remained a French possession and Guadaloupe a hindrance to mercantilist ideas of trade unless the neighboring neutral islands were also acquired. As this meant that England, under terms of the peace, should take 10 q -146 TRACTs CONCERNING NORTH CAROLINA .7 everything in sight, McCulloh was indeed and in truth a terri- torial imperialist. But given the increase of territory, there re- '` mained the problem of imperial relations. It was his opinion that ¢: ? the whole system of administration should be reorganized. The Indian trade should be regulated and to finance an Indian establish - c.1 ment in the colonies a "stamp duty on vellum and paper" should be imposed. The colonial currency must be regulated and made i_ uniform. Improved channels of official communication between the colonies and England were necessary,and procedure in financial co 4 �_ P r and judicial matters needed reform. A better illustration of the M ;! ideals of the new British imperialism that was soon to dominate � pe colonial policy can hardly be found. ' And this memorial was not the end of McCulloh's activity. In July 1763, he addressed a letter to Henry Jenkinson, Secretary of the Treasury in the Grenville Cabinet, in which he gave anti ' account of the taxes collected in the Carolinas, Pennsylvania, and Virginia, noted that a stamp duty at the rates of sig, twelve, and eighteen pence per sheet mould raise £60,000, and enclosed two bills—one .for stamp duties, and one for exchegner bills of credit. This cotmication was fruitful, for in the following October a y comparative statement of stamp duties, ' including those recommended Aiy McCulloh, those in force in England, and those -proposed by 'i the Treasury, -was submitted to Grenville, and two days later (October 12) there was a conference between McCulloh and Gwen J `~ Ville.- all this the outcome -was the adoption of the Stamp Act 'as a part of Grenville's program for colonial administration. There- after MCCulloh is lost sight of; the date of his death is unknown, but he is referred to as living by his son, Henry Eustace McCulloh, _ ss late as 1768. -The Miscellaneous Bepreseniations was discovered by the late - - - Wiliam A. - Shaw, editor of the Calendar of Treasury Books and f- Papers, and was published in a small edition some years ago by _ George Harding, noted English bookseller and bibliophile. It is 4 now reprinted with the permission of Mr. Harding. All the lmawn facts concerning McCulloh may be gathered from Mr. Shaw's ex UAr eellent introduction, the Colonial Records of 11Torih Carolina, Mr. Bond's Quit Dents in the American, Colonies, Gipson 's Jared Inger- •. r, { soil, (pp. 116117), and Smith's Grenville Papers (Vol. II, p. 373). �.s - Mi%ellaneous Reprefentations RELATIVE TO OUR CONCERNS IN AMERICA. Submitted [in 17611 to the EARL OF BUTS, by HENRY M`CULLOH. Now firil printed from the Original MS., with Bingraphical and Hiflorical Introduffion by W.1. A. SHAW, Editor of the ` Calendar of Treafury Books and Papers' GEORGE HARDING Dealer in Economics, Hiflorical Works, &-c. 64 GT. RUSSELL ST., LONDON, V.C. MISCELLANEOUS REPRESENTATIONS,_ RELATIVE To j Our Concerns in America In Order to form a right Judgment of the Importance of Canada, with respect to its Trade and Commerce, it may be proper to con- sider an Estimate of the Profits whicb heretofore accrued to France, from the said Commerce. The Furr and Skin Trader was farmed out to particular Persona, [2] who thereby had an exclusive Right to the said Trade; and the Couriers des Bois acted under Licenses, which they purchased from them: the Amount of which Trade, according to the best In- formation Ihave been able to get, was one Year with another, about. £240,000. Their Trade in Shipbuilding, Corn, Tobacco, and Lumber sent to France and to their Islands, amounted to about £180,000 per Ann. Their Fishers at Cape Breton, the Coasts of Gasperie, and the ' Coasts of Newfoundland, amounted to upwards of £400,000 more per Ann. The Freight upon all the aforesaid Trade, upon a moderate Com y�x�yywg"» putat" amounted to upwards of £220,000 per Ann. And there were annually employed in the [3] said Fishery and Traria, upwards of 2:.. 9000 Seamen. In this View of the French Trade from Canada and the Parts is ' adjacent, it will be found, that, after all the immense Expense the x French Government put themselves to, in supporting that Colony, the principal Advantages arising to them therefrom was in the r g Fishery, and in having a large Nursery for Seamen. But their Views extended further, as their Design was to form a Line of r' ' Communication between Canada and Mississippi; and if possible afterwards to open some Ports upon the Western Ocean. But as they have miscarried in those Views; and that we have now the -x Government of Canada in our Possession, it may be proper to inquire into the Situation of the French in the Mississippi or Louisiana Gov - 4] that, if they even ernment, and to endeavor to demonstrate, [ s - 150 TRACTS CONCERNING NORTH CAROLINA r ceded to us the whole Governmt of Canada. and afterwards i exerted their whole Force in the Louisiana Government, they would be still able to annoy us, and to carry on a large and extensive Trade with the Indian Nations, which border upon the 5 Great Lakes, !µ , as -well as those which lie between the Mississippi and the Apalatian Mountains. Before the French made any Settlement on the Mississippi, the Indian Trade as before observed -was farmed out to Private Persons who resided in the Canada Government; and several of those Farms i . were hereditary: which excluded those in the Mississippi Government 3. from having any Shase in the Trade in Skins and Furrs with the Ouabacs; the Illiuese; the Kikapese; the Puants; the Outagamese; the [5] Malamonese; or any of the Indian Nations to the North and �4.'. Fast of the Mississippi. But it is to be presumed that if the French .:- ceded to us the whole Government of Canada, they would renew 33 - their Licenses to such as live in the Province of Louisiana, and use all the Methods in their rower to cultivate a Friendship with the said Indians. And considering the great Fmnity that has always `t misted between the Nations of Indians in their Interest, and in ours, it is more thantable that the French -would d be still able to continue the said Indians in their Interest; and to make use of - them in annoying our frontier Settlements, unless -we fortify and - msv%ate three of the v Great Lakes; which may be a .good and .= vffectnal-Means, -under Proper Regulations in [6] the Indian Trade, - = to draw several, of the said Indians into our Views and Interest. ' In -this Light as conceived it will appear, that, if the French are -left an,Peasession of Louisiana, our having Possession of Canada will mat_ free our Frontier Settlements from being annoyed by the =Indians, unless we -with our Commerce with chem, and fortify the Lakes:- and that if we have Possession of the Lakes and the -7erritaries beiono'ng thereto, and also the whole Province of Acadia, Y .. - the Remainder of Canada exclusive of the Fishery is not an Object _ of any great foment to this Kingdom. _ Guardeloupe is an Island of great Importance, and capable of -- - Improvement • and et y if it should be ceded to us, the French Settlers having a Right to all the Lands in [7] said Island, and being from their'religious as well as political Principles strongly t udic ed in favour of France, �� ---great Fart of the Advantages MISCELLANEOI:S REPRESENTATIONS IJI arising from said Island would from those Causes center in France; and many Ponds of French Commodities might be introduced among them by means of their Connections with the neighbour' French Islands. And it might not only have an ill effect in this respect, but the s' Island might also be made a Storehouse for the r Introduction of many French Goods amongst the English Settle- ments in the West Indies, and on the Main of America. There- fore, I apprehend that if the 4 neutral Islands of St. Lucia, St. Vincent, Dominica, and Tobago (in which we have a Foundation of Right) were entirely surrendered to us, it might have a better effect, than even the keeping [S] of Guardeloupe upon the aforesaid Terms. And if the Lands settled by the French in the said Islands were disposed of, in the Manner the French Lands were in St. Cbristopbers, they would produce several hundred thousand Pounds to the Crown. Gores and Senegall are not of that Importance the Public con- sidered them at first, yet, in many Respects, it might be for our Interest to continue them in our Possession; but if it is thought s: upon any future Treaty to surrender them to the French, necessary as humbly cone, great Care should be taken to word it, so as to the French from claiming an exclusive Right of trading A prevent along that Coast. And as the French have for many Years claimed ..,. an exclusive Trade to the Gum Coast, great Care should likewise [9] be taken to regulate their Pretensions on that Head. The Acquisitions we have made in the East Indies, are of great Importance, even more than is generally conceived. For, as we are ; enlarging our Settlements in America, and as the Planters there, as they grow rich, increase in Luxury and Expence, it will be found, that America will in time be a most profitable Mart for the Com- ommodities moditiesof the East, and that vast Quantities Of them will be consumed there. Under this general View of Things it will appear evident, that as a trading Nation, it is our Interest to preserve Part of most of the Acquisitions we have made, and not to be content with any one Part, (such as Canada) in consideration; of all the Rest. Especially, [IO] as the enlarging our Footing in distant Parts of the World will enlarge our Navigation, and assist us in our general 152 TRACTS CONCERNING NORTH CAROLINA ':. Commerce b a y makinb one Part of Use in the Improvement of another. By the Treaty of Utretch, there was a great Enlargement in, tended to our Territories in America; by allowing us all the Lands which of right then belonged to the 5 Indian - ations, which in the 5 Great Lakes and the Territories thereunto belonging; but by neglecting to form a System in American Affairs, all the Advantages which might have arisen to us, by wise and proper Regulations, were Iost; and the French were thereby encouraged Do make those Incroachments which gave rive to the present War. Therefore as the want of System was the main Inlet to the present War, if we do not [111 regulate, or establish a proper Course or Rule of Proceeding, all the Advantages we fondly hope for, will vanish into Air. And in the Consideration of this Point, there are several Matters to be attended to, which have a necessary Connec- tion with, and Dependance upon each other. So, that if any one Part is neglected, the whole may fall to the Ground - The 1' is, To ascertain our Bounds in Merica, and to have the Sovereignty of the Indians who fall within the said Bounds. Secondly, To form a System ting the Trade carried on with them; in wash, ought paan rticular Care Caere to he taken to have all the Colonies ''- act upon one system. And as it will require considerable Sums to make Presents to the Indians, and to put those Concerns upon a proper [12] Footing, it will be absolutely necessary to establish proper funds in America, by a Stamp Duty on Vellum and Paper; and also by regulating and ' lowering the Duties upon French Rum and Molasses. 'i Thirdly, If Funds are established to answer the ce of the Government in America, it will be also necessary ttoregulate the Currency in the respective Colonies, and to have it the same in >` •„ a1L- And if this is done, it becomes equally necessary, to ary, to regulate the Course to be observed in collecting and accompting for the R Revenues in America; as there c are at present Openings for many shamefull Abuses. Fourthly, As all lesser Systems must depend upon the System observed in the Mother Country, nothing proposed can have its due Effeet, unless the Offices abroad are [13] so regulated as to transmit every Matter of Importance, either with respect to the 1 iilISCELLANEous REPEESEVTATIO\S 1553 i{ Revenue or any other _hatter in America, to the Plantation Office. iAnd then, the Success of the whole depends upon the W Hon' the Lords of Trade and Plantations making a due and full Report to the Crown of all Matters that come under their Inspection. For, if the Channels of Information can be obstructed, or varied by different '_Bodes of Application, it will leave Room for Connections which may defeat the whole of what is proposed. Fifthly, In the forming of new Systems of Government in distant Colonies, many Difficulties may arise with respect to the Preroga- tives of the Great Boards here; therefore, as humbly conceived, if anything of this \attire takes effect, it must arise from the Wisdom M and [14] Goodness of the Sovereign, in appointing Special Com- mittees for those Purposes.* \ �2 The System of the Great Offices here, with respect to America, ought likewise to be attended to; for, if our Course of Proceeding at Home is found to be irregular, it is impossible to redress the Griev- ances eompld of in America. Whereupon I pray leave to observe, that by the System or Course of Proceeding in the Exchequer, the Lord High Treasurer or Treasury [Lords] when in Commission, have not (as hb'y coned) a Power to take Cognizance of any Matter but what is properly within the View of the said Court. And from this Cause it was, that all the Officers employed in the Collection of the [15] Revenues of the Crown in Normandy, were obliged to accompt in the Exchequer; as the Lord High Treasurer was not l� at, that Time thought to have any Power or Direction over each m Officers as were not brought within the View of the sd Court. But a from Custom of long standing, and from the Want of forming a System in American Affairs, the Receivers of His Majesty's Chief U � n Rents in America, and the Auditor General of the Plantations are 21 Q1 not brought within the View of the Exchequer, nor is there any s regular Cheek or Restraint upon the said Offieers,.so as effectually o o to guard the Revenues of the Crown, and the Property of the m " Subject. And there are Openings left whereby they may be at v liberty to do many Acts both prejudicial to the Rights of the Crown, a and those of private Persona. [16] Now as the Auditor General of the Plantations, and the Receivers of His Majesty's Chief Rents in America, do not give in Bond in the Exchequer for the due *In 1967. Special committee, were appointed for Matters of State and @rieraoem and if reneared may be of inSmte nae in eetnbliabinc a eyat® of action in American AEaha N �4' 154 TRACTS CONCERNING NORTH CAROLINA Execution of the Trust reposed in them; nor bring in their Accompts to be passed and cleared according to the Rules of the said Court, it puts it in the Power of the said Officers, to oppress and harrass such Persons as may be liable to their Resentment. A recent Instance of which may be given in a present Attempt ag" me. There is another Thing, which as humbly conceived, ought to be carefully attended to, and which has hitherto stood in need of great Redress; viz' That in Petitions of Complaint arising in America, there is no settled Course of Proceeding with respect to the Method of Form which ought to be observed. [17] As they are at present usually referred, and put into a Course of Justice, without first examining (which as conceived, should always be done) whether the Persons preferring the Complaints are properly Parties, and aggrieved by the Hatters complained of; or in Case the Complaint arises from Officers of the Crown, whether the Hatters complained of come properly within the View of their respective Offices. The omission of which previous Examination is often productive of great Injury to the Innocent; and leaves an Opening for many litigious and ill disposed Persons to injure such as are exposed to their Resentment. For altho' the Matters may he really false, yet the Delay and Eapence given in getting rid of such false Charges, may prove ruinous to the Innocent Party accused. And for [18] this evil, there is not, as I know of, any Remedy or Compensation: For the Courts of Law in the Planta- tions cannot take Cognizance of a Hatter which has undergone the Considerae of the Council Board; nor does His Majesty in Council ever grant Damages in those Cases to the Party aggrieved; nor do Matters of this Nature come within the Rules or Redress of our Courts of Law here. .and this Course of Proceeding has still a further ill Tendency: For when Factions are raised against His Majesty's Governors in the Plantations, if such factious Persons proceed in an undue and irregular Manner, it is in fact a Suspension of the Gov" Power, and obstructs him in the Execut, of his Duty. Therefore if the Complaints against Governors arise only from such as have received no immediate [19] Damages thereby; or if the Patters complained of are only from loose and general Suggestions, MISCELLANEouS REPRESENTATIONS 155 . in these Cases, as humbly cone", there should be the greatest Care taken to discountenance and silence such Reports, and to put a stop to them in the fust Instance. But, on the other Hand, if any Persons were really injured by the God'° acting contrary to his Instructions, or by his obstructing the due and legal Course of Business, the Subject ought to meet with Encouragement and Relief. But in order to do this, and to distinguish properly between those who have been oppressed, and those who set from factious Principles, all Complaints should be originally lodged at the Plantation Office, where the Records from the Plantations are sup- to center. And this seems to have been the Intention of Ford .' posed Sommers in [20] his Plan of a Board of Commerce, and of the p. Crown in making all the principal Officers of State extra Members of the said Board. The preferring of Petitions of Complaint to His Majesty in '! Council, or to the ging by the Hands of the Secretary of State, and afterwards referring them to the Plantation Office, may in the W many Cases have an ill Effect, as it is apprehended, that Honb1 the Lords for Trade and Plantation, are thereby in a great # Measure limited with respect to their Report: As they have not, u ; (and as humbly cont, cannot -upon those Occasions) reported upon any Matter that is not within such References. But in the other Course of Proceeding, as their Lordships world judge by the Records, they would be able to distinguish properly between Com- g plaints which arise from Oppression, [21] and those which arise from factious Principles. !' By a Statute of 39' Edward the 3°, Chapt the 9 , it is enacted, i:. that whosoever made Complaints to the ging, and could not prove them against the Defendant, should be imprisoned, until he satisfied the Damages and the Slander suffered neon such Occasions, and s: after make Fine and Ransom to the ging. There is likewise a Statute of the 11' and 12" W' the 31 for the Punishment of bad Conduct in His Majesty's GoTT which wants much to be explained. The first-mentioned Statute cannot now be put in force, because such Matters were originally determinable before the ging in Council, or before the Star Chamber. But these Acts, if renewed 156 TRACTS CONCERNING NORTH "Iry CAROLINA and enforced, under proper Regulations, might have an exceeding ' good Effect with 0 respect 2 P �] to the Course of Proceeding in Com- e plaints preferred to His lfajesty in Council. and if the Regula- tions above mentioned are carried into Execution, it will be wise necessary to obtain a Law to enable the Sovereign to punish like all such Cf&mrs of the Crown as deviate from their Duty under such Regulations. a i NORTH CAROLINA HISTORICAL AND GENEALOGICAL REGISTER. VOL. II. APRIL, 1901. No. 2. THE EDENTON TEA PARTY. (CONTINUED.) (Original in Court House at Edenton, N. C.) ;firs. Hamiah Iredell leas the daughter of Samuel Johnston and wife: -Helen Ser mgeuure, and sister of Gov. Samuel Johnston; Samuel Johnston.Sr., wase the son of John Johnston and Helen Boucher, of. Stapletou, 1. B She md. Jul, 1B 1r73 James Iredell born at T.enc1, England, Oct. 5, 7-451; at the early age of "Rev. "cis Iredell, of Dublin, who md, Eleanor McCartney niece of _.._Judge Mcc3rtR� Y, of King's Bona, Ireland, 1st Cousin of Sir George Me- Carmey, General of Bengali, 1785, and Ambassador to China, with the title of Karl, 1792. Slie'6ad a sister Isabella died in 1765. Her brothers James and Charles were merchants, the former of Bristol, the latter of Dublin. Charles Md. a daughte- Of 'James McCulloch, of Grogan, and left one daughter Mar- garet McCartney. The Rev. Francis Iredell and wife Eleanor, had iacse two eons, Thomas Iredell, a planter in Tarroca, died without issue, and Francis, Merchant of Bristol, Ind. Margaret McCulloch Augtr and , 1, 1750; issue James McCuburn lloch ch was a linesaledeace °ndcant of Sir CW1n CVNeiI first tLaird Myyr1761. atont Scotland, and a eon of the Clans boys, Ireland. In the early part of the 14th Century, the Irish took up arms to throw off the British Yoke, and called on Robert De Bruce, King of Sectland, to assist. He sent his broth- er Edward with 6,000 men. Cullo O'Neil was made a Captain of Horse. They drove the English out of Ulster. The English being re -enforced surprised Edward De Bruce near Dundolk, here Edward was slain by Malpers, Capt. C11110 O'Neil slew Malpers and brought off the sword of Edward, and made a successful retreat to King Robert De Bruce's Army. Capt. O'Niel was Knighted by the King, who made him his standard hearer, Sect'y of State and gave him the lands of Myrton—the rendendo being "a rose for the King to smell at when he came to Myrton." Sir Cullo O'Neil died in 1331. Myr- surname Mo - ton descended to his eldest son Sir Godfrey who assumed the Cullo. It was held in this name until 152}, when Sir Aleznnder suraMcCuo died wk Lout male issue, and his son-in-law Henry McCulloch who had married his daughter Margamt, became heir to Myrton. The charter was renewed 'at by James 1, then by Queen Mary, and held by SimeonWill Alexander McCulloch until 1643and . , when he died and was succeeded by iamm his eon William of Brandelston, who left sone James of Grogan and Henry o2 Brandelston. Margaret McCulloch, wife of Francis Iredell and daughter of James McCulloch and wife Mary Ferguson, grand -daughter of James Mc- Culloch of Grogan. ("From a Geneologiml History by Col. Cadwallader Jones.") t i 5a 164 THE EDET'Tow TEA PARTY. 17, Mr. Iredell became Deputy Collector of the Port of Edenton, N. C. from which he entered the practice of law, and soon became a leader among his profession, was Attorney General of North Caro- Lina in 1779 and was appointed by George Washington, in 17,1( an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. Mr. Iredell was one of the leading spirits among the Whigs. Ile early espoused their cause and wrote many strong cuticles in support of their claims, he was thoroughly imbued with the spirit of liberty, and opposed every measure tainted in the slightest degree with op- pression. His maxim was, "Law without liberty is oppression, while liberty without Law is anarchy." His Life and Correspondence by MCRee contains a full histm•v of his life, both private and public Many of his charges to the juries of the Courts over which be pre- sided are rendered in full, and contain the fundamental principles upon which the National Government was founded. He died at Edenton, N. C-, 7—, 1799. His wife Hannah survived him until 1826, when she passed from among the living, to sleep with her ancestors and beside her husband in th3 Johnston burial lot at Haves, near Edenton. Issue 1. Annie Isabella born 1785 died 1816. She never married. �. Helen died single. f 3. James Iredell born at Edenton, N. C., Nov 2, 1788,maenad June '6, 1815 Frances Johnston Tredwell (daughter of Samuel Trz& well and wife Helen Scrymgeoure Blair, daughter of George Blair — and wife Jean Duncan Johnston, (sister of Gov. Samuel Johnston). Mrs. Helen S. Tredwell was born in 1763 and died in 1802. Mr. Iredell was a member of the House of Commons from Edenton in 1816, 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, 1823, 1834, 1825, 1826 and 1827. f , Speaker of the House 1817-18. Judge of the Superior Court 1819. Governor of the State 1827 and U. S. Senator from North Carolina in 1828. He resigned in 1831 and returned to the practice of his profession. He resided for many years in the cite of Raleigh, N. C., and died in Edenton in 1855 at the house of his kinsman, Rev. Samuel Iredell Johnston, D. D., while on a visit to his relatives in Chowan County. He died in the house where he was born and is buried at Hayes. Issue A. Annie Isabella Iredell born at Edenton, -N. C., ApL 10, 1 S16. J 4 married Jany 5, 1836, Cadwallader Jones. She died at Columbia, ? n S. C., Jan'y 4, 1897. B. Francis Lenox Iredell, and Dr. Charles E. Johnson, (his 2nd '- wife). 7 C. Penelope Iredell and Griffith L MCRee. D. Helen Blair Iredell died unmatried Dec. 12, 1888. j E. Jane.Moore Iredell and Thomas D. Meares, of Wilmington, N. C. IYL� THE EDENTON TEA PARTY. 165 F. James Johnston Iredell, -Major C. S. A- killed at battle of Chancellorsville, Va. G. Samuel Tredwell Iredell died unmarried. H. Margaret Tredwell Iredell and Hon, Wm. M. Shipp, Judge of the Superior Court. I. Campbell Tredwell Iredell and Mary Johnson, Captain in C. S. A. and was killed at Gettysburg. J. Cadwallader Jones Iredell and Martha Southgate. He was a Captain in Hampton's Legion of S. C., C. S. A. Children of Annie Isabella Iredell and Cadwallader Jones Frances Tredwell Jones b. Feb. 5, 1,437, md. Oct. 14, 1856. George Erwin son of John Erwin and wife Eliza Margaret Chad- wick. Issue (a) John Erwin b. Mch. 26, 1858, md. Sept. 20, 1883, Mollie Griffin Wilkins; issue (4) George Erwin, (2) Margaret Adams Erwin, (3) Richard Wilkins Ervin, (b) Annie Erwin b. Apl. 6, 1860 red. Dec. 27, 1583, Alphonso L. Stollenwerck, (c & d) Frances and George died young, (e) Margaret Erwin b. Apl. 6, 1865 md. Peury Watson Pariah. She died Nov. 23, 1895. Issue (a) Annie Erwin Parish b. Aug. 14, 1890 died Nov. 1, 1897, (b) Henry Parish b. Nov. 9, 1892 died in infancy, (f) Rebecca Frances Frwin born Sept. 9, 1568 md. Madison Jones (son of Madison Jones and wife Alioe McLean). Issue (1) Margaret King Jones, (2) Frances Iredell Jones, (3) George Erwin Jones, (4) Alice Jones, (g') Ethel Erwin born Nov. 6, 1572 md. Dec. 29; 1897, Leonidas Bryan Sledge. Issue, Leonidas Bryan Sledge, Jr., Nov. 6, 1898, (h) Cadwallader Erwin born July 21, 1875 md. Feb. 3, 1897, Ida Vernon Seawell (daughter of Charles Seawell and wife Zouisa-Ra veries.) -t . . 2. Rebecca Cadwallader Jones,'died young, 3. Capt. Iredell Jones b. Fel: 8, 1842, at Hillsboro, N. C., md. lot Nov. 4, 1869, Ellen, daughter of Gov. James H. Adams, of S. C. She died Aug_ 31, 1573. Issue (a) Lillian Jones born Aug. 4, 1470, md. Oct. 28, 1596, Dr. Frank W. Butler (son of Gen. M. C: Butler and wife Maria, danghtpr of Gov. Pickens, of S. C.) (b) iredell Jones born Feb. 25, 18:3. Capt. Iredell Jones and 2nd Nov. 22, 1SS2, Laura Ella (daughter of William Preston-iaeMahon and Laura Chaffee). She died Mch 13, 1857. Issue (c) Willie Jones born Aug. 12 1885, died Jan'r s, 1 � S7. (d) Chaffee Jones born Meh. U0. 1887. Capt. Iredell Jones was 2nd Lieut. S. C. College Co., was at the surrender of Fort Sumter, Apl. 12, 1861, entered the C. S. Armv as a private in the Washington Light Infantry June, 1861, and was wounded at 1st. Manassas. He became lat Lieut, and com- manded a section of a battery in Fort Sumter; he served throughout the entire war; in 1580 was a member of the S. C. Legislatum His present address is Rock Hill, S. C. �T tom, ;MBB THE LDENTON TEA PARTY. J. Capt. Cadwallader Jones, Jr., born Dec. 3, 1843 md. Feb. 3, 18711 Emilv Skinner Johnson (daughter of Dr. Chas. E. John;,,a and wife tinily Skinner. She died Nov. 17, 1 S80. Issne (a I Charles Johnson Jones born Dec. 3, 1871, died in infancy, (b) Faam' Erwin Jones born Sept. 4, •1574 md. 1899, Frank Avery- Cobbs (< 6 of Rev. Richard 11. Cobbs and wife Frances Avery), (c) Campbell Jones burn Aug. 9, 1576. Capt. Jones enlisted in (lie Washington Artillery in June 1861, at Richmond, was later tramferred to the 12th S. C. Reg. C. S. A. and was promoted to the tamey of Co. II.; he passed through 27 battles, being wounded „u,•,. in the engagements around Petersburg, Va. ; his present addre=> i- Greensboro, Ala. 5. Allen Jones born Aug. 23, 1846, md. Oct. 15, 1874, Angoi,ra H. Porcher, born Aug. 30, 1852, (daughter of Aug. II. Porelur and wife Eliza Maria DuBose. Issue, (a) Marion Purcher Jones born at Rock Hill, S. C., Sept. 5, 1875, died June 1, 1887, (b) Annie Iredell Jones, born March 12, 1877 md. Apl. 25, 1899, Geo, it. Rembert (c) Helen Iredell Jones born Dec. 30, 1878, (d) Jane Du Bose Jones born Aug. 27, 1880; (e) Cadwallader Jones born July 24, 1882, (f) Augusta Porcher Jones born Aug. 30, 1885. (g) Allen Jones, born Feb. 22, 1887, (h) Robin Jones born Dec. 51 1889, in Columbia, S. C., (i) Theodore Marion Jones b. Apl. 1, 1895. BP entered the Civil War as a private in Co. H. 12th S. C. Reg. C. 6, A., when 16 years old, was wounded in one of the battles in Va., mi 1888 he moved from South Carolina, and is now Secretary and Treasurer of the Lexington M'f g Co., and the Saxe Gotha -Mills, President and Treasurer of the Palmetto Mills and Secretary and Treasurer of the Carolina Land and Investment Co. 6. Gen'l Johnston Jones born Sept. 26, 1848 md. June 26, 1873, Bettie Watters Miller (daughter of Thos. C. and Annie Davis _hiller, of Wilmington, N. C.) for quite a number of years he was Adjutant General of North Carolina. He is now living in California and is engaged in the practice of law. At the age of 15, he went as a menr ber of the Arsenal Cadets, into the war, and continued to its close at Greensboro, N. C. 7. Willie Jones, Cashier Carolina \ ational Bank of Columbia. S C., (was Col. of the 2nd S. C. Regiment. in Cuba, during the Sp:m- ish-American War.) md. May 20, 1886, Annie Beaux Caldwell (daughter of John D. Caldwell and wife Lucy C. Davis, daughter of Henry Davis, John Caldwell was President of the S. C. Rail Road); issue (a) Caidwel] Jones born Apl. 24, 1887 (b) M.ucy Reaux Jones born Sept. 3, 1891, died young; (e) Annie Reanx Jones born July 13, 1894. S. Annie Isabella Jones born Nov. 10, 1852, md. Dee. 15. 1875, THE EDENTON TEA PARTY. 167 r. Thomas C. Robertson born Aug. 22, 1849 (son of Dr. Thomas. Robertson, of Fairfield Co., S. C'., and wife Sarah Palmer Con- ti rier). Issue, (a) Annie Isabella Robertson borer Sept. 29, 1876, i) Allen Jones Robertson b. Dec. 31, 1877, died June 25, 1887.'` 6. Halcott Pride Jones born Feb'y 14, 1555. Io. Helen Iredell .Lines born Jiily 17, 18581 md. Oct. 15, 1879, dut Stricker Coles, Jr...born Jan'v 21, 1856 (son of Capt. J. S. y.• )les and wife Eliza Pickens, daughter of Gov. F. W. Pickens and ?' fe Margaret Eliza Simkins) ; issue, (a) Selima Stricker Coles rn July 9, 1550, (b) Annie Cadwallader Jones Coles born Aug. _ 1552, (c) Cadwallader .Tones Coles born Jan. 17, 1885, (d) wicker Cole, born _\nu,. 27. 1SS8, (e) Marion Coles born Sept. 7, %? (f) Eliza Pickens ('ides, horn Nov. 6, 1595, (g) Helen Iredell )hes horn Apl. 22, 1N99. -. B. Children of Frances Lenox Iredell and Apl. 10, 1849, Dr.' aar•les Earl Johnson, Snrgron General of N. C., during the Civil 'ar (son of Charles E. Johnson, of Chowan Co., N. C., and wife an Tavlor of Franklin Co., N. C., and grand -son of Charles John- .w n and wife Elizabeth Earl, daughter of Rev. Daniel Earl and wife parity -. Ther lived at Bandon in Chowan Co., on the Cho - t an River, at one of the ]ovebie+t and most attractive situations in astern North Carolina). 1. Frances Iredell Johnson born Mch. 11, 1650, md. Dec. 5, 382, Dr. Peter E. Hines, of Raleigh, N. C., (son of Richard Hines r A wife Ann E. Sprttell.) 2. Cbarles Earl Johnson born Aug. 13, 1851, Ind. Dec. 7, 1576, . ary Ellis Wilson (daughter of Harvey Wilson, Attorney at. Law, a c harlotte, N. C.). Issue, (a) Mary Wilson Johnson born Noy, ax xl 1, 1S77, (b) Charles Earl Johnson born Aug. 10, 1878, died Aug. B 1880, (c) Frances Lenox Johnson -born Oct. 27, 1880, died 1*. ' 4 1, 1881, (d) Cbarles Earl Johnson born Sept. 22, 1883, (e) Jo- phine Harvey Johnson born Oct. 23, 1882, died June 8, 1884, annv Hines Jolmson born Dec. 25, 1887. - r. 3. James Iredell Jobnson, born Nov. 2, 1854 md. Jan- 11, 1885, 3 cbceca Murray: issue (a) James Iredell Johnson born Nov. 1, �S7, (b) Carson _Murrav Johnson born Feb'v 11, 1890, died Aug, r ' I, 1892, (e) Elizabeth _Alurray Johnson born Oct. 13, 1803,_ Ld) Y enox Johnson born Aug. 31, 1895, (e) Earl Johnson born Nov. Z 1, 1S97. 4. Helen Blair Johnson born Oct. 11, 1856, nd. James L ]lie- re (son of Griffith McBee). Issue, (a) Frances Johnson McRee Wn FejpseD, 1889, (b) James Iredell McRee born Oct. 2, 189n, Fergus VeRee born Aug. 30, 1892, (d) Charles Earl John- a m McBee horn Mcb. 7, 1894, died Feb'y 6, 1895, (e) Johnseal ; . + - -• =.=n-raRTy. McRee born Oct 30, 1S95 f (g) Griffith John McBee bo() ti�'illiam McRee born Aug 5. Samuel Iredell Jo rn Ate' 2' 1899, , 18e1 C• Children of Penelope Johnston March 30, 18G9.� fitly J. XcRee, Atty-at-Lap1. Eliza, Joilmington,hnston Ir dell aCnd her husband Grif- Ann lfeRee born Oct. 5, 1Sd3, died Oct. 1SG2, 2• Griffith John McBee, bum July 2G 1 *die died -N-ON- � 3• Frances Iredell McBee, born Aug. G , die Louis, lfo., unmarried. 13 I• lfary Hill _llelice living in St. 5• James Iredell -AlcIIc rbomr]_lleh� 1S., died Sept. Johnson?: d md•p 11 1&5d. G. (cousins). P. 0-7 address IlieLna,nd, Pa. Held Blair Annie Isabella llcl;ee born enc. 9, 1S5G I8S2. , died 7. Penelope Johnston lleg,e born Ilar'cb S Dawson Smith, of Fayetteville �. (' _March I 1559 md. ham, Texas. Is their resent address John Griffith Smith sue, (a) Margaret Smith, (li) Penelope is Bon - Smith (d) Frank Smith pe Smith, (c) (g) Iredell Smith h ' (e) lfcIIee Smith, (f) DrCnvey 8. William (Uct 5rduer Smith• (il Frances Smith. Missouri. McBee bola , 18G0. I , " O. address St. Louis, D. Helen Blair I,-edell died unmarried Dec. 12, 1358. E• Children C. Jane Moore Iredell and Tbomae D. Wilmington, �. C. ` I Mary Owen Meares Meares of 2. Thomas Davis= ' died in youth. � , ` Fremont Meares Meares md. Jane Yon ' ' (b) ares Issue (a) Mary Meares, (d) Thomas Davis 3learereares (died) (c) Jane Young 3. William Belvidere lfeare (e) Richard Mon, s, drowned on Langdon Meares. _ I• Frances Iredell a steamboat escur- a Frances Meares (b) and William H. Green. Issuea '.• :. Meares 'GreenO , d 'harleWF wen Meares: ram Henry Green (died) (6) Th S*) Meares Mary O Frederick, Meares (e) Jane Iredell f `54 5. Katharine Meares md. George AT. Harris. Issue, (a} Jane Dr. t Meares Harri s (b} Caroline Brawn Ha....is (c) Katharine Mean:, '. Chae. __ 111 Md- 1st h - M itha nson Skinner �n wif, h. am, Crreecy,l�her}' Skinner (daughter of Charles Worth MP -rY Cie Blount daughter of Charlesand-father was Joshua Skinner Md. yton�• ' ount born 1721 Md. 174.4 Eli beth Be Chse Orth Blount d > Lho sanlof John Blunt and lfa; Davis (daughter of John [ John t, who, died 1 nt7 Ch Co. va., .7�n Blounnd _ Blount, w grand -dam ! Md� came into the ughter oon of - ii11 b Ellabeth Eaton '.1J'Ty sHell(n 1LhAlo Carle Sound Of ghabout Va., seIn miles from p (3) Emily 3kinnerhsonJohns n md. ones; and _. rad. ami aawll T. Iredell . (2) k' rt Cadwallader Asheville, N. c.. it •:� _ , , Jones, of Greensboro, Ala. r THE EDENTON TEA DART]. 169 Harris, (d) Thoma. l;rott'n Ilarris (died) (e) Frances Green Har- ris, (f) 11Ieares Harris, (g) Alargaret Iredell Harris, (h) Robert C'onlev Harvie (died) (i) Esther Exurn Harris, (j) Eleanor FIartds, (k) George Harris. t;. .lave Iredoll .11e:ues md• William A. Williams. Issue, (a) .lame l orbs \1'illi(b) 1Villixm Arthur Williams (died), (c 6arah :Forbes lelilIrp Williams, (e) Frank Lenox Wil' liana, th ilie Iredell issWilliams, (g) Robert 1llarahall Williams h) Katharine Davis 11"iliums. 7. James hrdell ]I,•ares md. Josephine Folger. Issue, (a) i7an•iet F ober (du al i. t b) George Folger, (c) Jane Iredell Folger. Ilamuali Jo]m��ni _lfeares died young. J. Frank Lend" _llr:nes. lo. _ll:l gj-et Iredell _Mea . res I1. Eliza Walker Meares. F. James auluiaun Iredell -Major C. S. A. killed in battle of Chancellorsville, G. Sanmel 'll••dn,•II Iredell diel unmarried. H. llarg:uoa Of Well Iredell old. Not. G, 13i?, Hon. William „t the Superior. Court of \. C. Judge Shipp died Jame ?S. 7 v ill lssne, (a) Frances Johnston Shipp died an ant, (b) _1Ll. Preston Shipp. "I• Capt Cal. -11 Tredwe11 Iredell and Mary Johnson daugh- of he Chas. E. Johneov and his 1st wife Emily Skinner. . No issue; he mus killed at Gettvsburg C. S. J• Capt. Cadwallader Jones Iredel A. 0., md. . artha Southgate. Issue, (a) James IreedelL ion of S, dell was twice mounded dnriv, the mar Capt. Ivo- P. O. 'address Norfoll-y pa. lilss IsAnnla.A JUHN3To teas the sister of ?<irs. Hannah Iredell had the sumo ancestt p, but had ne descendants as . she metier married. At the time of her she mas a9ianced to Josol,h Helves. She sl a t Ilaves, death near Edenton. �. (. i -her grave by s pS with her family Shu harked by any st„tt . , , monument, me means, has never 1L. Hewes to whout sho was etugaged never recovered from the da1'k. caused ha the death of this excellent lade. He ment into a 4.11 and "�adnally wasted away until death renews hick had been severed ln- his stroke. — Joseph Heiree was born d the bonds no a mJersev about the daughter in h'PP Ca.was twice >parricd, his 1st - year 1(30, he %t'illiaat Ewen ShiPP, Gr�darate Florida; issue (a) Anna Cwas nmer� Cameron as tan at the gallant charge made West Poiat and lie _ e a 6higp, (b) C. and he married Ma a San Juan y durt>� H• S• -Ane and left r) ret daughter of Dr�t two sons (a) William Fabius Bushes oft &al mer- e) Bartlett ShiPP Attorney -at -I... "n Shipp, (b) Fabius ( ) Kate Cameron Shl P•Basbee Shipp, -o U � a 170 THE EDExTON TEA PARTY. A first. appears in Edenton in 1755, where be embarked in mercantile life with Charles Worth Blount and Geroge Blair under the firm name of Blount, Hewes S Co., afterwards the firm became Hewes Sx ! and Smith. He represented the town of Edenton in the 3sseanbiv in 1774 and 1775. He was elected a member of the Continental E, Congress in 1774, and served his adopted State in that. position. ]❑ April, 1776, he was appointed by the Provincial Congress, at Tlali- fax, X. C., together with \Gilliam Hooper and John Perm dvhe atc> to the Continental Congress, at Philadelphia, and was present ;,i the birth of the Republic, affixing his name to the Declaration of I]]- dependence on July 4, 1776. Ile served until 7777, and was a,, liu elected to Congress in 1779—SO, and died dm-ing his term of ot}ce Nov. 10, 1779 and was buried in Philadelphia; his funeral was at._ tended by Congress (who wore the usual badge of mourning for all days), officers of the Government, French Minister end Suite. togetll- 9- ., er with a large concourse of people. Wheeler in his History of N. C., Vol. II, page 94, says he was buried in Cbrist's Church, Phila. statement has been made in some of the papers of 'North Carolina, that Mr. Hewes was buried with the Johnston family at Hayes, this - is an error, whieb perhaps arose from the fact that another "Signer of the Declaration of Independence, Justice James Wilson, of Penn- <_ sylvania, who died while on a visit to his colleague Associate Justice of the U. S. Supreme Court, James Iredell, and was interred in the Johnston family burial lot at Hayes, where his remains now rest in an unmarked grave. It would be eminently commendable for the peo- ple of 'North Carolina, to locate if possible the exact spot in Phila- delphia *Hewes' where Mr. remains were interred, and place above them a suitable shaft to perpetuate the memory of so distinguished VT a citizen and statesman. It is true he has written his name, "where time can never afface it," and needs no monument to tell posterity of his glorious deeds, yet we would honor ourselves, and inspire the emulation of his noble example, by those of the and sueceed- present ing generations, by this act of our high regard and remembrance. Who will undertake the work ? (To be Continued) - -Joseph Hewes was the brother of Mrs. Sarah Allen, mother of Col. Nathaniel Allen, who married Mary Granberry. Issue Mary Granberry Allen married May 21, 1511. ct Edenton, N. C.. Rev. Pleasant Thurman. Issue, Bon. Allen Granberry Thurman of Columbus. Ohio, Gov. Bill Allen, of the same State, was the half uncle of U. S. Senator Allen G. Thurman. A THE Bo.NNER FA3nLF. 171 BON ER FAMILY OF BEAUFORT CO., N. C. (Continued.) Henry Snode Bonier (son of Henry Bonner) died about 1310, and is buried at the `Sycamores" without a grave -stone. He was a member of the State Senate from Beaufort Co., 18001 1, 2 and 3; he married. _Mary Heather Burbage, of Mary]and, who bore him the following children, (1) John, (2) Pauline md. lat, — Little, 2nd Thomas Smallwood, (3) Portia born Mth 1st, 1802 md. Samuel Smallwood; she died Feb _y 6th, 1831; (4) Patsey, (5) Roana, (6) Patience, (7) Henry Green, (8) Octavia. James Bonner 1I and wife Sarah (nee Wilson) had the following children (1) Winnefred born _lfeh. 10th, 1772 died Oct. 23rd, 1776. (2) Annie and Jonathan _Marsh (Gov. Daniel G. Fowle was a grand- son of Daniel lfarsh, brother of Jonathan. The great New England Poetess Sarah Helen Whitman, of Providence, R. L, who was )light- ed to Edgar A. Poe was the daughter of Ann, a sister of said Jona- than Marsh) (3) Natban Willson and Sarah Willson. He was a member of the State Senate in 1804_ (4) Sarah and 1st Henry --llyson, 2nd Dr. William _lfagimpsey, who removed South with his :w 'wife. James Bonner 11 and his brother John Bonner had the Town of Washington, \. C., incorporated in 1782. The Act bears the title � sb follows, "_ n Act for establishing a town on the ]ands formerly belonging to Col. James Bonner at the forks of Tar River in the County of Beaufort" At the session of the Legislature in 1783, the following private Act was passed, "An Act to encourage John and James Bonner, Jr., of Beaufort Co., to clear and make a road through the great swamp and marsh on the southside of Pamlico River; opPostte -to the town of Washington." jsfues Bdnner; Jr was a member of the House of Commons from Bfort Co., in 179., Beaufort 2. Children of Lieut. Caleb Foreman, _-N. C., Cont. Line and wife Elizabeth tree Bonner, daughter of Col. James Bonner, (1) Polly B. born Oct. 24, 1783, and Capt. Ryly; they removed \ortL after their marriage. (2) Elizabeth born Dec. 1st, 1785, died - ov. 22nd 7807. She is buried in "Spady's Old Field" beside her fatter, (3) James Bonner born Dec. 1st, 1785 died at 21. (4) Rebecca barn Dec. 25th. 1787, nid Samuel Cltark and died July, 19th, 1838. Henry Bonner and wife 'Miriam, nee Young had two sons, (firs. Ifiriam Bonner md. 2nd Wm. Vines.) (1) John Young born May °nd, 1795, md. Jan'v 27th, 1816, Elizabeth Smith. He married 2nd July 31st 1823 C. G. I. Trippe. He died Sept. 22nd, 1845. John Young Bommer,was captured during the war of 1812, carried I" England and confined in Dartmouth prison. (2) Joseph Bonner 472 ' County; Whig. Born in Sumner County c.1796; son of Richard B. and Isabella ( Campbell) McCorkle. Extent of schooling not indi- cated; studied medicine at Transylvania University, Lexington, Ken - tuck), 1820-21; elected a member of the Medical Society of Ten- -. nessee, 1821. Physician to household of President Andrew Jackson at the Hermitage. Married March 20, 1830, to Kittie Ann Munford, daughter of William and Lettice ( Ball) Munford; children—Henrya and William M. _McCorkle. Was a physician at Lebanon, Wilson a Countv, between 1830 and 1850. A trustee of Cumberland Univer- sit), Lebanon, from founding in 1842 to 1869. Member Cumberland Presbyterian Church. Died at Lebanon April 15, 1869; buried in Cedar Grove Cemetery, Lebanon. Brother-in-law of William B. Munford, sometime member Tennessee General Assembly. - Sources: Merritt, History of Wilson County, 153, 154; Bone, History of Cumberland University, 40, 290; "Wilson County Marriage Records," 18, x- 196; Acklen, Tennessee Records, I, 288; Priestly, McCorkle Family, 306; "Minutes Wilson County Cumberland Presbyterian Church," 13; U.S. Census, 1850, Wilson County; information supplied by Dr. S. R. Bruesch, _ ?Memphis. McCulloch, Alexander (1777-1846) HOUSE, 10th General Assembly, 1813-15; representing Ruther- ford County. Born in Lunenburg County, Virginia, August 16, 1777; son of Ben and 3lary ( Stokes) McCulloch. Attended "common schools"; Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut. Married, date not indicated, to Frances Lenoir, native of Virginia; their six sons ,%vere—Ben, Henry, Alexander, John S., Samuel, and James C.; their six daughters were—Sarah Stokes, Mary Annie, Frances Oliver, Har- _ riett Maria, Elizabeth Julia, and Adelaide Delia McCulIoch. Sur- veyor and merchant; lived in Murfreesboro, Rutherford County, un- til 1820; removed to Alabama; returned to Tennessee 1830, as one of early settlers of Dyer County; there engaged in merchandising.T In War of 1812, served as aide -de=camp to General John Coffee, -`r` participating in both the Creek campaign and the defense of New Orleans. Member and steward in Methodist Church. Died at Dyers- burg, Dyer County, August 4, 1846; place of burial not determined. _ ASF Sources Rose, Life and Services of <:eneral Ben McCulloch, 25-29; R� i' motion( y of A?nc —icon Pinbranhr�; C..ondspeed, History of Rutherford 802 farmed and practiced law at Somerville, Fayette County. After legislative service removed to Memphis. Charter member Elmwood Cemetery Association; president of Memphis and Little Rock Rail- road, 1853-56; cashier, Bank of West Tennessee, 1857-68. President and director of the Memphis City Gas Light Company for twenty ,years. Clerk and Master, Shelby County Court, 1847-54. Member Presbyterian Church. Died in Memphis on June 16, 1877; buried in Elmwood Cemetery, Memphis. Son of James Williamson; half brother of John G.. A. Williamson, sometime members North Car- olina legislature; brother-in-law of Judge Calvin Jones of Memphis. Sources: North Carolina Manual, 313; Keating, History of Memphis and Shelby County, I 382, 407; Vedder, History of Memphis and Shelby County, II, 246-47, 303; Goodspeed, History of Fayette County, 803; ibid., History of Shelby County, 811, 821, 901; "Person County (N.C.) Marriage Records;" Public Acts of Tennessee, 1845, 1847; Memphis City Directory, 1882, p. 594; U. S. Census, 1840, Fayette County; 1850, Shelby County; North Carolina Historical Review, XXIV, 485-92; Wheeler, Reminiscences of Forth Carolina, 371; Memphis Daily Appeal, June 19, 1877; Memphis Daily Avalanche, June 17, 1877. Williamson, John (1764-1829) HOUSE, 16th General Assembly, 1825-27; representing Wilson County. Born in Montgomery County, Virginia, December 16, 1764; names of parents not determined. Attended elementary schools in Virginia. Married in Montgomery County, Virginia, in 1781 to Margaret Cloyd, daughter of John Cloyd; ten children—Sarah, Mar- garet, Robert John, Rebecca, George, Elizabeth, James, Rachel, Annie, and William Williamson. Came to Cumberland settlement, present Nashville, c.1789; commissioned captain in Davidson County Militia by Territorial Governor, William Blount, September 10,1.792; at coming of Tennessee's statehood, 1796, named justice of the peace for Davidson County; commissioned captain in Davidson County Regiment, Tennessee Militia, May 10, 1797; moved to -Wilson County at undetermined date; acquired lands and established home, Green Hill", on Stone's Creek. Qualified as justice of the peace, in Wilson County in March 1804; commissioned captain in 17th Regiment, Wilson County, Tennessee Militia, May 19, 1809. Had enlisted in a North Carolina regimen+. for service in I'�evolutionary War while M Indian wars. Died at "Green Hill" August 7, 1829; buried in family graveyard on place; brother of Thomas Williamson, sometime mem- ber Tennessee General Assembly. Sources: Lebanon Democrat, August 28 and September 5, 1946; D. A.R. Lineage Books, Vol. 137, p. 275; Acklen, Tennessee Records, I, 299; The Blount Journal, 66; ?Moore, Records of Commissions of Officers, 12, 86; Merritt, History of Wilson County, 54; Hamer, Tennessee, A History, IV, 605; Cloyd, Genealogy of the Cloyd, Basye, and Tapp Families, 104-105. Williamson, John L. (1832-1876) HOUSE, 33rd General Assembly, 185941; representing Gibson County; Democrat. Born in Rutherford County on October 1, 1832, son of Beverly A. and Charity Williamson. Removed with his family to Gibson County; studied law under Munson R. Hill in Trenton; admitted to bar in Trenton in 1857. Considered "one of the ablest lawyers of the state, aggressive, quick, and logical." He was married (1st) to Martha Zackary, and (2nd) on June 5, 1875, to Mrs. Viola Mosely. Children, by first wife—Sarah E., Alice, and one whose name was not found. Appointed Chancellor by Governor Brown- low, 1867--69; served on occasion as chancery court judge. Alder- man and city attorney of Milan,. Gibson County, 1874-76. Member I.O.O.F. Died at Milan on November 14, 1876; buried in Milan Cemetery. Sources: Milan Exchange, June 4, 11,. 1874; October 14, 1S75; November 16, 23, 1876; January 11, March 15, 1877; Culp and Ross, Gibson County, Past and Present, 167; Greene, Gibson County, 27; East Tennessee His- torical Society Publications, No. 20, p. 63; U.S. Census, 1850, 1860, 1870, Gibson County. Williamson, Lewis P. (1801-1865) HOUSE OF COMMONS, North Carolina, 182,923; representing Northampton County; HOUSE, 23rd General Assembly, 1839--41; representing Fayette County; Whig. Born at Pea Hill, Northampton County, North Carolina, on April 23, 1801; son of Benjamin Weldon and Mary Elizabeth (McCullough) Williamson. Graduated from Yale TTniversity at the age' e —o twenty in 18? : es.:ribed as "a ripe scholar. et,. --:,t cr... A read• debater." Planter at "Inver - L ABSTRACT FROM muGULLOCH PApMM2 ORIGINAL TITLr D CUNTAIi�iEU IN LIST .�'T, 19ITli MR.HO.iti'�REGISThREll IN THE COUNTYtN.C. IN ARMiIVEs. IVE COUNTIES 1760 vec.l;to Drigg 992 acres • oto HOES UCC. 1764 00t.3 1763 June 9 to John Lina 410 acres 1758 uar. 13 to Jos.Boss 8r. " Jr. 1771 to Diel Peavey 72Oct* Ui.ceHolt 1763 June p d H.Hcculloch to H.H.HaCnlloch and Mic.miers Wm.Giles CoM.Anderson Rob. BarebW Thos.Emns I'loses Cox John West R.Clements Chr.Huffman John Noe Thos. Reitch Tho.Maller Sam.Oliver Jas. Boyd E.Bohannan Alex Clark Geo.Laws John Adcock Jas.Isom Chas.KcCar tneyy Wm.Walker Townley Keg limshm BVd Rowell Meanie Sullivan Aug.1763i Geo.Hoge 5396 acres Davie County Public Library moos svme, NC 1763 June 22;Adam whitsell 706 acres 24;J.Clapp 610 25;J.P.Clapp 200 Sept. ; Mich•1.Grissom 243 June ;F.Lienberg+er 554 •`ePu ; jd•Holt 300 June ;Fred Laws 932 Sept. ;H.Strader 200 Aug* s Jos. Trotter 310 VAY ;J.Tlithrow 1692 P.Sellars ��3 Wm.M"Math 513 John Hrackin 200 June Jacob Albri&t 215 J.Barker 479 Bart Dunn 1590 AuS. Laneield Crow 992 June T.ClaPp 200 Jos.Reavey 774 Jas.Dawson 616 Nicholas Batts 975 Jacob Holt 235 guy Barn. TINmell 206 i ear John ArasU=g 362 �C�Pp 362 2 John H o�t� 5 H.Hcculloch to H.H.HaCnlloch and Mic.miers Wm.Giles CoM.Anderson Rob. BarebW Thos.Emns I'loses Cox John West R.Clements Chr.Huffman John Noe Thos. Reitch Tho.Maller Sam.Oliver Jas. Boyd E.Bohannan Alex Clark Geo.Laws John Adcock Jas.Isom Chas.KcCar tneyy Wm.Walker Townley Keg limshm BVd Rowell Meanie Sullivan Aug.1763i Geo.Hoge 5396 acres Davie County Public Library moos svme, NC FROM THE COLONIAL RECORDS : BOOK 4 , 1734 - 52 YEAR 1736 : AT THE COURT OF ST. JAMES :29th Day of Aprilp 1736. Henry McCulloch proposes a settlement of two Tracts of Land ; Feb. 1735,x/6 "I intend to settle a person on the Head of the N.E.3ranch of the Cape Fear River." " Tract on the N.Y. Head I intend to fix the said Gentleman's brother." " One Tract of 70,000 acres on the N.E.Branch of the Cape Fear," - " One Tract of 60f000 acres towards the N.W.,at or near a place commonly known as Hawfields " -. " will engage to settle 300 Protestants at that Place ". There were few exceptions to the policy of issueing fairly small grants and these were not issued by the provincial Land Office,but by the Crown's specific orders. In 1737tthe King advising with the Council,issued an order to the provin- cial Office and the Surveyor -. general to the effect that two patents be granted to Henry McCulloch,a London Merchant. He had been appointed Commissioner for in - specting and controlling the Royal revenues and Grants of land in the Carolinas. These Grants were made for speculative purposes. In 1745 Gov. John.stonjacting on orders from the Crown,issued at least 40 patents,of I215W acres each,to associates of other London merchants also a number of grants of equal size to Henry McCulloch and his associates. Gov. Johnston arrived in Oct.1734,and in Nov. took hhe oath of office. ( Gabriel Johnston was the 2nd son of John Johnston of Dumpriessh:ire,Scoto "of Stapleton" - his brother Gilbert had two sons,JamesvCol. under Rutherford in the Rev. , and William, who married the dau. of Peter Forney ;died 1845 ) (Scotland's Markpp.27) Gabriel Johnston married Gov. Eden's widow,and had one dau&ter pPenelope. A brother Samuel Johnston ;two sons,Samuel and John,and dans. Jean] Penelope, Isobel,AnngHannah; " Gabriel Johnston left to Henry Johnston,"now at school in New Haven 11,I000 acres in Craven Co.,and to his sister Carolina,400 acres "head of -the Trent and New Rivers" " lands formerly belonging to Wm. Smith, C.J. OF THIS PROVINCE." Dated 16 May,1751;Proved94 April.1753• Johnston had been serving the Crown for 15 years under his Royal Commission. According to Henry McCulloch's memorial to the Board of Trade in 1751,he himself had been supporting Gabriel Johnston from 1726 to 17349to the amount of 2900 pounds Sterling;having paid the fees involved in Johnston's Royal Commission as Gov.under the Great Seal and at his own expense freighted a ship to carry the Gov. & his Retinue to North Carolina,bought plate and furniture for his house & given him a credit of 250 pounds Sterling. N.C.C.R. In 17459in a survey ,it was discovered that 459000 acres of the I9200p000 acres grants to McCulloch ,were in Lord Granvilles' Grant. At the same time marry Virginians of substance acquired holdings in it,with the result that in 1746 Granville Co. was formed to meet thibir needs, with Orange follow - ing in 1752. In 1746 Henry McCulloch acted as Special London Agent for the northern Counties when Johnston and the Assembly were in the struggle as to the number of deputies. At the same time Arthur Dobbs9Surveyor General of Ireland,was one of a group who drew up charges against Johnston,but no steps were taken for his removal before his death in 1753/3 . In 1747,Dobbs was occupied with the laying out of patents for 4009000 acres that he and Selwyn had purchased,and instructed Capt. Rowan to locate it so that none should fall in Lord Granvilles District. Dobb's Com. as Gov. sealed Feb. 1753 (of N.C.) Davie County Public library Niooksville, NC According to Sabine, Henry McCulloch,holding the office of Secretary,Surveyor,Inspector and Comtroller of Revenue,and Commissioner of Crown Lands,with the patent for r-_ I,200,000 acres of land held for the purpose of bringing in settlers from Ireland, and though a man of fortune became greatly embarrassed by his efforts. He settled 4000 people on the grant in Duplin County;"his Ulster Country - men "McClean),"the greatest accession at any one time," in 1736. Hanna gives this also,in his"Scotch - Irish 101 Sabine also says that he died in England "at a great age " in 1778/9 - but there is (or was ) a will dated in 17559quoted verbatim by Grimes; " I give to my dear wife Mary,all that my real and personal estate,Goods and chattels whatsoever and wheresoever,and what nature and kind whatsoever, to be divided equally between my said wife and my four daughters,Henrietta Mary, Dorothy Beri.sford,Elizabeth Margaret, and Penelope Martha McCulloch ".... "His son,Henry Eustace McCulloch,about 17499obtained correct information about the lands,and had selected a number of small tracts that were excellent in quality .. rendered a -detail of three hundred and twenty'- two settlers,young and old,which he had brought into the Provinces,by which he saved 649000 acres of land. He surrendered,by a deed to the CrowngAprilv1767,all the remainder of the large tracts run out for his father,hs sister or Mro Selwyn." (Williamson ) Henry Eustace,son of Henry McCulloch,educated to law in London,about 1761 emigrated to North Carolina. At first agent for his father,he became a member of the Council,Collector of Customs for the Port of Roanoke,and Representative of the Colony in England. As the only surviving son,heobtained all the property in N.C. by conveyance.(Sabine ) In 1764 the Whigs dismissed him as Colonial Agent.In 1779phis estates were confiscated.In 1784 he applied for annulment of the Act,without success. Distinguished Whigs advocated his cause ,only to lessen their own influence. James Iredell was his cousin,whom Henry had brought to N.C.,and rendered him much valuable service. 11tho8reduced in fortune,his annual income of 1200 guineas,after the adjustment of his claims with the British Gov1t.1,since he lived retired,was a competence. He died at his country seat near London. It is possible his unpopularity stemmed partly from the Stamp Tax- "About 17639after the Pontiac uprising,when the Colonial Assemblies had objected to a Plan of Union and any apportionment of expense,for raising some part of a maintenance fund,ministers could think of no more equitable tax than a stamp tax. A Crown Officerin N.C.,Mr. McCulloch,was good enough to assure Mro Jenkison,one of the Secretaries of the Treasury,back up his assertion with statistical ex hibits that a stamp tax would yeild 609000.1bs. ,and twice that if extended to the West Indies." (Becker,Eve of Revolution) pavie County Public Wary MO&sville, NC e MecuLIXH PAPiS! NrL]DIF# 121 MSS Archives Memorial of Henry- McCulloch,Senre IMW91778 = a To 7AM Right Hoo�orabl0 Ld.North;Humby aheWeth; In 1.745 -- 4507000 Acres were granted to him in North Carolina.In "turn made in 1760 of Settlementgthere were upwards of 6000 Protestants settled. Previous to Rebellion#1600 pounds Sterling produced from beginning of year 1774 -"he had red'd.not one ahilling:a (original paper) signed ( very shaky) Henry McCulloch 17 June, 3.778 - 200 pounds per annum to Henry 13cCulloh a a a w a a. a a Henry gOUCCulloh (both to commence 5 Apri191777e) memorial of H.EeMcCulloch -"In June 1778gyr.Lordships were pleased to order 400 pounds per Annum.His Father being now dead* about f weeks —13 JuIY91779" Henry Ee "Hampton -wick 5th Septe1779 Hon.Sirs; Date accoamts from Carolina acTitaint sae I am now plundered of In 1777 a Gen' 3.Confiscatian Act passedo" Bundle 121; * No.22 Upper i. bebane Street 18 Sept.1782; Nov.12:1782 Of H F,,r Gul1Ock?in his om right and as heir to his brother and sister "... " Sir; On another point I think it proper to inform yora,to Mention that my title to ry Estate in America is three fold; BY* Deeds & Articles executed by my father in his life time;by descent as his only son; and ty devise in Toto under his will dated 31st Oct. 1778..: " To obviate Doubts about title an account of non performance of conditions. e the leads in Lard Granvillella area to be surrendered unless settled within two years.e h to pay Granville Quit R'entooMcCulloch shall hold and enjoy the whole tract until the end of two years after the ware..* "Said Henry died 16 June 1779 & by his will dated 31st Oct•1778 devised his Estate in N.C.to Henry Eelloch a... a Memorials to the Crowne. Henry Eustace McCulloch gent first to N.C.as an infant in 1740.Returned.to England in 1?479weut to NeCesecond time in 1761; Collector of Customs member of Council,Barriater. Returned to England 176?1 by leave of Gov't. gCouncil and Assemb�ye 1?72 went to N.C. third time,ret'd.to Bland in 1773 -losing Agency for not joining in Public pre judice. 1?74,wiV.4 14Northo s Madge, attempted to gain a seat in Parliament. 1?76,went to Ireland; cantinused in 1od9132m.in readiness to go to America. 17789in Sin= gRsold & settled affairs with great loan".• jo3.ned Command in Noir York. Reused to go to North Carolina under ri lag of Truce (one with him did and saved bis Estates) Returned to England in one of Lard Tawnahend•s armed Ships 91779 - waited in readiness to join 14r.*Kno ? e. e Ltbta�Y pav►eNo CountY public F a Bandie 117 McCullah Tapers it dentoa 7 Jan&1?78 " 1 havo OPPOrtwtitJ ., a Gmtivasn mw has livod here upw rdn of a tmave mmtu 11 -U ,; cO=t y is r- to mate ..rrnl hrm procined caro Of ti .s i©tto .... 2hO ciLUCI= of cc=O W i -A'ulah .lit a, m d D014 ... 3Asey ram-.C-i:xl to CaptsJowph Iioredith,o'Lher a uidou ritl- so ora rhilcir .I.13 the ruts ....uarrls of t'auefiowtion .... asiss to be re bared and smuLs IWArds to *all ray md your corme0d(m a* .,.'mW uncle *... 1 tar t vera v011 and all rW and y<u's .. Jc,s irad4z]. (CM -21 -i:'b th ArWm-ford vm the ono C.•:1inian to I=t ) he a ,-drE3ss d a le ttor to I.x.Jmzaa Earrm nidi W'ilmIYkmt= .... j not to li.r»::'Cc'e • ow probalbay m amt for publication.... Wenton Law 3 1784 ; "your son is no:l with me in healtn.vie ims so unfortunate us to be taken and carri ad U prisoner into Emdand(Piymouth)vnere he was con - fined for some montbagwithout knowing how to find you -- released after the Peacevana try wV of France & a circuitous route found his way here..i had bean greatly uneasy about him..he is really as fine a boy as can be9excellent & lively capacitypgood heart & obliging disposition ..thea sooner y. -m can place him in school in DirJand the better -- in the meantime ...I think of patting him t:) a school here ... The only two children of 1!r.Iieax7 lAcCulloh's now living are Dolly and Botse.teMne former is a distressed vido #the latter very happily rmrriea -to a very respectable man,Capt,Jos:IRwed:Lth -- having occasion to co to France he reverted a letter frm no from 1:r.:.'m.l�c:,u1. oli�thwt he rai�Jht bettor settle w wilt:: z dn.l' di(. not Imarr yen had to settl a for Mmm th!' 50' 200 pmn s.. ? form er ca that lY iMto y r. �t.`y t -=d seft.srjd her sbaravt: orince the G'omfisrction icer hunoo id p�td3d a claim �t your estato-a rnlr hal. It $ll0�3 for -i;:�.e sura ehe vzmi cntitleeL to. -2�;recutlon vms to of od on your lots o._' V:ji^.h, I had never taken pO3Desnionslt vacs not in MY power to stem these prOceedinM,4 ':' I hnd wi.shod tovbut thcr-tt it would bo a means of yaa so nuoh in .-'n ;iande • Js.IXV61011 " x.1.1 tsi(a ri-ts ciue(tt> maxij iu J.rai.atui) wu3.i14.ro a0 .1 irostc;.: ill Cc- p"":.:Lvedith hir wife havirls purchased them b©fam her earcept Jotp.Park=a sbar+elvh+o married = orr,)y ..... Davie County Public Ubrarl Mocksville, NC a w r �ip411 1�' J' ote.� 'and documents - ct N r eri i�cCulloch and I [eri Cc i to -John Cannon* , r William and Mary Quarterly has printed,• in revert year§, aorto articles referring to Henry McCulloh,i the London raero6ant Who Y < suggested to George Grenville a scheme for raising revenue id th }.: ; merican colonies by means. of a stamp tax. He is a figure of some impori ,trace in American colonial history, and it is. wiortunate that so many sef= n to him. have been misleading and inaccurate s Yt is the abie' of , :.this: note to, clear up some of the confusion which has arisen. about his ' ' The source of the confusion is, simply, that there were, at the same time '�ro':persons with almost identical names interested in North Carolina. have been run together by historians, often with commendable `t .' &ugh misplaced ingenuity, and a composite biography, produced. .;i there is Henry McCulloch, who became secretary for North . ; :Prolina. In x746 he was appointed naval officer at Cape Breton, which 4)e6 recently captured, and held the post until it was handed back o i748. He then returned to England and spent five miserable years atithout any form of employment, constantly beseeching the assistance of :ttie Duke of Newcastle and bemoaning his large family. His account of } ` interview with Lord Halifax, then First Lord of 'trade, reveals how unpleasant place hunting could be: "I informed his Ldship of the Death he.Secretary of North Carolina, which he was, pleased to tell me he °* ' Cannan is at present employed by the History of Parliament Trust *to do ft:imlh idto the parliamentary history of Wiltshire from 115091799• iGharles:G. Sellers, Jr., "Private Profits and British Coonial.Policy: The Specula. ' s:'' fe ms. of HenryMcCulloh," William and Mary Quarterly, 3d Ser., V1I1.4Qct. z r), „53515t; Charles R. Ritcheson, "The Preparation of the Stamp Act, V. fix, X rc L civ =?1.543-559•so E19, The jenitinson Papers 176o-1766, ed. Ninetta .Ducker (Landon agg449); 3 t� ...1�: Boyd, Some Eighteenth Century Tracts concerning- North Carolina,Raleigh, ,c? �If��; the article by Ritcheson referred to in note i; Griffith 1. McGee, Life of %amen s3:. e2 )t (Necw ; York, 1857) • ,.. :,� G+�t-. �'�f ( 1 �-'� t • � _l �� 1 i O iii.., � '.O CP i r - �,,' WILLIAM AND MARY QUARTERLY knew before, & ask'd me what of that, & was in a Violent Passion with me &told me he was surpris d that I kept running teasing Your Grace & that. I ask'd everything & that He suppos'd I wanted twenty places; that I was one of those sort of people that could never be contented, Ultimately McCulloch wrung from Halifax a promise to appoint huu either naval officer of the Lower District of the James River, or secretary of North Carolina. He was appointed secretary in 1754 but held the post for only a short time, dying on October 27,1755. Thus, the nagging pace hunter," in Mr. Ritcheson's unkind phrase, was not the speculator and g author but an insignificant civil servant. Henry McCulloh, author of the scheme for a stamp duty, was_a LondotE 4 merchant, concerned with extensive land speculation in NorthCarolirt ' ``i`�J ► If the confused pedigree printed by G. J. McBee is to be trusted, he was t N4 cousin of the secretary, though they invariably spelled their names di ferently.0 In 1739 he persuaded the government to send him out WI colon to supervise development, with the grandiose title of "Conitni �� Y Pe P � g � stoner for Inspecting and Controlling the Royal Revenues and grants d land in North Carolina" and a salary of ,C600 a year. He arrived in Allmerr ica in 1741 but ran into considerable difficulties and returned home, in 747 a He then began a protracted dispute with the Treasury over hs 1 arrears of pay, which was terminated in his favor in x756, when the At, torney General reported that "he had been disappointed of the Benefit --'intended by and expected from His Majesty's Warrant. At this time;`h was living at Turnham Green in Middlesex. It does not seem that he' eve :revisited America. His affairs there were conducted, after 1761, by his soil, Henr Eustace McCulloh who "Young in Life Knowledge and, P •� was sent out to look after the property soon after he had finished hi' P Pe Y ,Utter to Newcastle dated Apr. 6, 1753, Additional Manuscript 3271,3 fal 33 A' Ari'sh Museum. 7 w , 9 and s peculations have been fully and accurately described by Mr. Sellct� in the article referred to. aIt 'is "'rather. curious that McRee should have known of the existence of tN othcr.McCulloch and et contrived to confuse them. The comings and goings of his composite McCulloh appear to have caus;d Pro + 1 fessor Boyd some embarrassment: "In England he defended the protest of the A106 h% �.� marle`counties of North Carolina against the act of 1746.... He seems also to hast 11, been appointed., naval officer at Cape Breton.. , , he was also appointed a member of the Council [Q£ North Carolina] and appeared in that body in March 1755.W! ever he did not long remain in North Carolina; he probably returned to Englaa in the 'same yeas to 'attend the business relating to his land grants. Certainly he W# there in ,1761., ",Some Eighteenth Century Tracts, p.144- �,�I If Public.Library avid County' Elooksville, NC r 4xf I v oil - HENRY MCCULLOCH AND HENRY* MCCULLOH ; 15, ! 1Mal training. The British, Government was persuaded to �paake him first.' , • '?;collector of customs at Beaufort and Currituck7 anil' later '"collector' at; Roanoke. He was" also a justice of the peace an&rnember'of the council of North Carolina. in • 1769, two years after he retutped`;to, England, tvas appointed agent for North Carolina. It was presumably to. improve.. . . , his bargaining position that he attempted in i774 to gain election to ,th'e r`House of Commons for the borough of Cricklade in ,Wiltshire:' ' I' la' :the' meantime, his father had drawn up his scheme ' df: a stariip tnx' ' . -and forwarded it to Grenville in 1763. After this, remarked. Professor."Boyd,', . a ' "AicCulloh is lost sight of." In fact he moved from Toknham Breen , to ' 4Chiswick nearby, and lived on until June 1779, dying oa`the' sevetiteenthd.; -He was buried at: St. Nicholas Church, Chiswick, In hiswill,10 he left- . al! 'his property in North Carolina to "my dearly beloved sonHenry;. , Eustace McCulloh." In 1785, his son was still appealing, < without success; ,far the return of that property, which had been confiscated during"the War.` �. t At XV a year "to maintain a Canoe and Man." Present State of Great Britd4I$- rtd John Chamberlayne (London, 1755)- !Gentleman's 755)•aGentleman's Afagazine, ed. Sylvanus Urban, XLIX (London, 1779), P. 327, he is called H. M. Culloch. Daniel Lysons, The Environs of London (London, 1792-96), II, 204. bated October 31, 1778, and proved by his son July 16, 1779. Prerogadve Court Vd Canterbury, Warburton 313, Somerset House, London. Dwie County Public Ubraq ;,, •• Vooksville, NC; a �L • 46 VIL -la-k-a 0 Y_V_L C f '- IL v -(3;4wvv,- DAL J44L tom- nfw4_ jo I P.- ku_---- --- ` ! � - - _�- - - - -- - --- -- - !� ��a.- - - -ria-�--�---�-� _-- ---- 41 SiI JLJ: -Le 04 Aj n� vwAA_� - -- -- - Davie C * ounty Publi"ibraq Mocksville, NC Elm W. J. F. FENTON GENEALOGIST Member of the Association of Genealogists and Record Agents Mrs Alice H. Eidsdri1, 1135, Kenwood Street, t Winston-Salem, I�.Ci. 27103• U.S.A. Dear Mrs Eidson, 82 HERSHAM ROAD - WALTON-ON-THAMES SURREY KT12 5NU ENGLAND Tel.: Walton -0n -Thames 25214 Thursday, 23rd.Apri1-.1981• Thank you for your letter of 6th April. I am replying to your old address in Kenwood Street; I hope that is correct. I have had a quick look at the McCULLOHs you mention and find that a Henry McCULLOH married Penelo a EUSTACE at St George's Chapel , Mayfazr �on hAugus79. n the light of the information ou give`aVout his children I think there is no doubt that this is the marriage of the Henry you mention. In view of its being in 1749 I would expect his date of birth to be later than 1708. However, we shall see. Before I do anything more would you please: (a) Let me know the date of the letter of condolence you 4- mention. I assume this was written in America. As o you describe it it looks to me to be.most likely to be z in respect of the death of James, Henry's son; henry being Henry Eustace, Miss•Penelope his sister and Mrs bit McCULLOH Henry senior's However, this is a of speculation at this time. Is a photo -copy obtainable? If so could you let me see one? Z (b) Please give details of your mother's descent from the a, James McCULLOH of Rowan County, especially noting the 7�0places an dates o e events you have ascertained. died? Nor his age then? tt` Do you not know where and when James ► y {c) Advise me where Grogan is. Is it in Ireland? If so vD �--` ,� where abouts? a I am assuming Henry senior's Will was proved in London(PCC) and ,.? D County Public Library ... / will u Mooksville, NC 2 - V. a e. Will have a look fo it there. Difficult to say how much funding is needed at this stage. I suggest L25 should enable us to do some initial work and get a feel for what.to:•do next: With kind regards,, Yours.sincer.ely, V . .r...... r.r•.'r • .. ; u�• 4''i. •. :,.::moi. .. _ ''s.. .. • � . .•• l+ r' ' . .. r r} .ter' ' � r _. i .1 V .' - J : .. , '14�1. l HENRY McCULLOH EW men occupied a relatively more important position in the colonial history of North Caro- lina than Henry McCulloh, who, after Lord P Granville, was the largest landholder that the colony or State ever knew. He was also an importer of settlers, and was in part instru- mental in turning to North Carolina the stream of Scotch -Irish folk. His son, Henry Eustace McCulloh, was agent for the colony in England, and to the father is attributed the proposal of that line of taxation which resulted in the revolt of the American colonies. Henry McCulloh signs himself as of Turnham Green, in the county of Middlesex. He was a grandson of James McCulloh of Grogan and a descendant of Sir Cullo O'Neil, first laird of + Myrton in Scotland, who was a son of the family of Claneb beint, Ireland. He was a great-uncle of James Iredell, the elder, a t Q a brother of James McCulloh, whose daughter Margaret ma - H V dried Mr. Francis Iredell, a merchant of Bristol. The genealogy 1 of the family is worked Put with considerable detail in \IcRee's a a "Life and Correspondence of James Iredell,''and it is unneces- a sary to trace it further' in the present sketch. �a, We know nothing of McCulloh's earlier years, but he seems tc v Davie County Public UVW moc! sSdie, NC HENRY McCULLOH 323 have been a prosperous merchant in London as early as 1726, when he says that he was acquainted with and gave . assistance to Gabriel Johnston, later governor of North Carolina. This would place the date of his•birth back in the seventeenth centdiy. His first connection with North Carolina seems to have been about 1736, when he conceived the idea of obtaining grants and paying for the same by the importation of settlers. In that year he presented a Memorial to the Crown in which he asked for a tract of land to be surveyed on the headwaters of Pee Dee, Cape Fear and Neuse rivers. It was his purpose, according to his Memorial, to bring in a settlement of foreign Protestants and others who were to engage in the making of pot and pearl ashes, at that time one of the most important imports of England; to raise hemp, produce naval stores and trade in furs. This proposal was re- peatedly considered by the Board of Trade, and on May ig, 1737, an order in council was issued under which warrants for 1,200; 000 acres of land were allowed to Murray Crymble, James Huey and their associates. Of this company McCulloh was the leading spirit, the others being little more than figureheads. The warrant directed that the lands were to be surveyed into blocks of ioo,000 acres each, and patents were to be issued in such quantities as were desired, provided that the smallest tracts were to contain not less than 12,5oo acres. Patents for these lands did not issue until March 3, 1745-46, and they were to be quit -rent free for ten years from the date of the patent. These lands were located substantially as follows: Tracts 1, 2, 3 and 5 were located on the waters of the Yadkin and the Ca- tawba; Nos. i and 3 were assigned to John Selwyn, one of the associates and father of George Augustus Selwyn, to whom they were soon transferred, and for whom the Selwyn Hotel in Char- lotte is named; tracts 2 and 5 went to Arthur- Dobbs, of Castle Dobbs in Ireland, later governor of North Carolina. Tracts Nos. 6 and g lay on the Yadkin; tract Nos. 4, 7, S and io were on the Yadkin and Uwharrie ; tract No. i i was held with Joshua Will- cox, and lay on the Cape Fear and Deep River; tract No. 12 lay on Flat, Eno and Tar rivers. At the same time another tract for �i J 324 NORTH CAROLINA j 71,16o acres was granted to McCulloh by Governor Johnston, and located between Black River and the northeast branch of ! Cape Fear River in Duplin and Sampson counties. It was found on the survey of Lord Granville's line that tracts 9, io, ii and 12 and part of tract 8, amounting in all to 475,000 acres, lay within that territory. Lord Granville did not disturb the arrangements made by McCulloh. He took back 175,E acres, allowing McCulloh to retain the other 300,00o acres on the same terms as the lands held from the King, and. also granted him an extension of time in which to complete his settlements. These had been much retarded by the French and Indian War, ' and McCulloh was already behind in his quit -rents. In 1754 it was reported to the authorities that McCulloh and associates had taken out patents for 1,200,00o acres, of which 475,E acres lay within Granville's line and 725,00o acres to the south of that line; that according to the terms of the original grant McCulloh was to settle on this land 3,625 foreign Protes- tants, while he had in reality up to that time settled but 8J4. In November, 1757, Governor Dobbs reported to the Board of Trade that tracts 1, 2, 6 and 7 were very much broken with steep, stony and rocky hills, and therefore settled in but few places. He estimated that there were then on tracts Nos. i and 3 about 400 souls; on Dobbs' tract Nos. 2 and 5 about 700; on No. 4, about Soo; on Nos. 6 and 8, about 42; on No. 7, about 43; on No. 8. 72'; on No. 9, 720; on No. lo, 540; on No. 11, .714; on No. r.. 384. Even these figures were found to be over-estimates, for a little later Alexander and Frohock were appointed to make an official investigation as to the number of inhabitants, and reported in 1766 that in March, 176o there were 167 white persons settled on tract No. 4; J7 on tracts Nos. 7 and 8, and 115 on McCulloh's tract in Duplin, with 18 on tract No. 1 and 240 on tract No. 3. Immigration had been greatly retarded by the disturbed state of the frontier.. The French War and then the Cherokee War had driven even -the most daring pioneers back on the stronger centers of civilization, and McCulloh succeeded in having the time HENRY McCULLOH 325 limit moved forward to March, 176o. He succeeded also in getting the quit -rents due from him charged against the salary due to him from the colonial governments. He then appointed John Campbell, of Bertie, and Henry Eustace McCullph, his son, as agents and attorneys to sell his lands, and give titles for the ' same. After the war with the Cherokees came to an end a com- promise was effected, by which he and his associates were allowed to retain -the amount of land that they had earned by the impor- tation of settlers on a basis of Zoo acres for each settler. Com- missioners were appointed to ascertain their numbers, and Henry Eustace McCulloh sought to fix his lines in order to open smaller tracts for actual settlers. But he found much difficulty in doing this. The lands in the Mecklenburg and Anson section were claimed by both the Carolinas; there were surveyors there from South Carolina locating grants made by that province; there were other surveyors locating grants from North Carolina; there were still other surveyors locating McCulloh grants. Disorders were frequent; riot reigned, and some lives were lost. McCulloh had become attorney and agent for George Augustus Selwyn, the owner, and did all that was possible to bring order out of chaos. He met a committee of the people, headed by Thomas Polk, and came to an understanding with them on terms which appealed to all parties because of their justice and fairness; but when he ` returned later to begin the actual work of surveying, he was met again by the settlers, again under the leadership of the same Thomas Polk, who had accepted the former terms, and was ' warned off the land. That this warning was not an idle threat is evident from the vivid letter . which McCulloh writes from Mecklenburg in May, 1765, to his friend Edmund Fanning, in which he describes the indignities, the insults and the actual thrashings which some of his surveyors had received at the hands of the enraged populace. Compromises were finally made with the settlers, and in 1767 alcCulloh and associates 'surrendered their grants to the King, "with exception of such parts only as they may have deeded or reserved in right of the settlement effected." McCulloh was 326 NORTH CAROLINA also at- a later date released from paying the quit -rents that had accrued since March 25, 176o, on the lands surrendered in and his bond to secure the same was cancelled. Even aitC- this surrender of the greater part of his original grants he stia had much valuable land in North Carolina (McRee says 64,oao well -selected acres), which he continued to sell to settlers don -n to the days of the Revolution. McCulloh had not obtained these lands without effort nor held them in peace and quiet. He charged that soon after the grams . were made Governor Johnston and Matthew Rowan, the suz- ;1 veyor-general, conspired to beat him out of the fees for survey. ing. Without instructions or rlequest from him and contrary to his wishes the whole of the tract granted was surveyed at one time, and for the most part in one body, which was greatly to his ' financial disadvantage. Rowan then undertook to collect from the company of associates the fees for the whole of the surrey, while McCulloh objected both to the manner and form of the i survey and the amount of the fees demanded. There was a long correspondence between McCulloh and the colonial goy ern- ` ` ment ; there were many charges and counter -charges, many corn- for eighteen months 11icCuI- plaints and counter -complaints, and loh was in the custody of the sheriff, although not in prison. He i f �Johnston's action Ht as matter, complained, bitterly oe h charged him with ingratitude and perfidy. says at he had ' f greatly befriended Johnston, that from 1726 to 1734 "he was almost wholly supported by the money advanced by your memo - freighted rialist, who not only paid the fees of his commission, his own expense to carry the said governor and his a ship at retinue to his said government, bought plate and furniture for his { house and (that he might not be immediately in want of money on his arrival there) gave him credit for f250 sterling." McCulloh presented his me- 3 It would seem that as soon as for land grants he began the actual work of importing morial settlers. In 1736 he 'sent out certain Scotch -Irish families of that ' had been settled in Ulster. They were the van guard immigrants of the same race and religion who in great body of HENRY McCULLOH 327 the next forty years were to do so much for the making of the commonwealth. The grant on which they were located lay be- tireen the northeast branch of Cape Fear and Black rivers in Duplin and Sampson counties, and consisted of some 71,16o acres. Alexander McCulloch, a relative of Henry, and John Campbell of Bertie were appointed agents .for the sale of this land. McRee says that McCulloh's fortune, although large, was much reduced by these efforts at colonization. U early as January, 1738-39, we find McCulloh called into consultation by the lords of trade on Carolina affairs. He seems to have made himself indispensable to the board on that subject at an early date, and on May 16, 1739, was appointed inspector and comptroller -general of revenues and grants in North and South Carolina at a salary of 1600 a year, with an allowance of f2oo a year for clerk hire. It appears that he came out to Caro- lina in October, 174o, and remained till 1747. He was in Wil- mington in -March, 1741-42 and then published a notice to "all gentlemen freeholders and others" with rules and regulations and the King's instructions on the collection of quit -rents. In Novem- ber, 1741, he submitted to the home authorities a long list of pro- posals, under which he hoped to settle the question of quit -rents in the Carolinas. He complains that he met with no support from the lords of the treasury or the Board of Trade, and that his ef- forts to collect quit -rents ran counter to the interests of Governor Johnston and the provincial officials, because they interfered with their fees. These officials were therefore hostile to McCulloh; he charged them with various frauds, and along with Corbin, Iforris, Dobbs and others, made an unsuccessful effort to have Johnston removed from office. UcCulloh did not have an easier time in his efforts to enforce collection in South Carolina than he had had in North Carolina. "To my great surprise I found that the members of his Majesty's council and all the other officers of the Crown were the only persons I had to contend with," he writes; but this opposition in both provinces of the officials who were making fortunes for themselves, out of the public lands was fatal to McCulloh, for 328 NORTH CAROLINA his salary was to be paid out of the quit -rents, which he was unable to collect. After his return to Englandhe' put in a claire for his salary, amounting to 16,2oo, payment of which was finally allowed on condition that he resign his post, May 16, 1748, aad accept this sum in lieu of all claims. . This was agreed to, and he was later allowed to charge this sum up against the quit -rents which he was himself due to the Crown. Taken as a whole, his efforts to serve the Crown seem .to have met with no substantial reward. When McCulloh returned to England in 1747 it .was as the representative of the six Northern counties in their struggle be. fore the Board of Trade for repYesentation in the North Carolina Assembly. This struggle grew out of the effort of Governor Johnston to reduce the representation of these counties. Under the fundamental constitutions they had claimed and had alwae; exercised the right of sending five representatives each to tl:e General Assembly. Johnston undertook to repeal this old law, and for that purpose called the Assembly to meet in Wilmington in December, 1746. The northern counties, Currituck, Pasqua tank, Perquimans, Chowan, Bertie and Tyrrell, agreed amon; themselves to send no representatives, as they could in that w av break the quorum. But the Rump met under Johnston's appoint- ment, and by "management, precipitation and surprise," repeale(i the old law,' made a new apportionment, passed a court act, and fixed the seat of government at Newbern. The northern coup - ties, claiming their five representatives each under the charters of Charles II, the fundamental constitutions and immemorial cu4- tom, .refused to recognize the acts of the Rump and sent AfcCu1- loh to England to appear for them before the Board of Trade. There. the matter was considered for a long time, and Johnston waited in vain. for. a decision. Finally, when Dobbs came out as governor in 1754, he brought instructions that the representation of the northern counties should remain as it had been, and so tte older counties were successful ' in their nullification of colonial law and retained their old advantage in numbers till the da}s of the Revolution. Then, when the fires of war were fusingap the i. f y HENRY McCULLOH 329 colony into a single body politic, this special and long -cherished advantage was surrendered without discussion.* The evidence shows also that it was the subject of this sketch, the promoter of immigration and collector of quit -rents, Who first cmggested to the British authorities the question of the Stamp Act. As this part of his career has been worked out with con- siderable detail by Mr. Shaw from manuscript materials in the British Archives, it. can best be told in the words of the editor of his "Miscellaneous Representations Relative to our Concerns in America." Mr. Shaw says: "There are a few references ' to him during this last period of his life which transcend all the others in historical importance. In February and March, 1756, he petitions the Duke of Newcastle for relief in con- nection with the meeting of the bills of exchange drawn on the receiver of the quit -rents in South Carolina. And in the following year he sub- mits to the Duke a proposal for the introduction of exchequer bills of union in the colonies, with the object of enabling the provincial (that is, the colonial) soldier to pass from province to province without having to use the local provincial bills. This proposal was an eminently practical one, and • would have had an effect much wider than McCulIoh intended, had it been carried out. His purpose was simply to remove the one great obstacle to the general recruiting and service of the colonial *The records show that there were two men in North Carolina during ' this period by the name of Henry McCulloh, who have been in the past confused by students with each other. Thus Mr. William A. Shaw, who has recently published McCulloh's "Miscellaneous Representations rela- tive to our Concerns in America" (London. c. i9o5), says that McCulloh seems to have been transferred in 1746 to Louisburg after its capture by the New Englanders, but it must have been another man of the same name, for our Henry McCulloh did not leave North Carolina till 1747, and was for the next few years working on the question of the representation of the northern counties. Shaw'says further that McCulloh had long been. a candidate for the office of secretary of North Carolina and clerk of _ the Crown, and quotes numerous letters on this matter from the British records. We know that a Henry McCulloh succeeded Nathaniel Rice as secretary and clerk of the Crown' and we have a letter from Governor Dobbs, written October 28, 1755,in which he says, "Yesterday Henry ucCulloh, Esquire, secretary of this province, dyed" Mr. Mckee also says that the Henry McCulloh who was connected with Iredell was Sec- Zry of State (McRee's "Iredell," i. 7), but we know from the same Rork that that McCulloh did not die till 1778 and therefore could not have Sec- Zr the Secretary of State who died October 27, 1755 (see "Abstract Of North Carolina Wills," P. 228; sea also "Colonial Records," v. 44o, 445, 8o7; vi.. 62o, 625; xi. 126, 127, 143) - i 330 NORTH CAROLINA soldier, but if carried out it must certainly have had the effect gradua-nr of driving out the various paper currencies of the colonies, and replacing them by' English exchequer bills and banknotes. Important as this pro. posal, however, was, it passes into insignificance by the side of t!:c i proposals which he advanced in the years 1761 and 1763. The first form j of these proposals is doubtless contained in the present tract, the imme- diate object of which was twofold, namely, firstly, to convince Bute of the value 6f the Canadian possession, and secondly, to suggest sore the colonies could be made to contribut: source of taxation by which s a quota to the cost of the late war. The proof of the deep impression ? which McCulloh's paper made is contained in the. Hardwicke Papers at i the British Museum. Under date of loth October, 1763, there is a long tabular statement running to twelve folio sheets, containing an exact scheme of the articles to be include& in a Stamp Act. It is entitled 'A state of the several articles proposed by Mr. McCulloh to be stamped. and the duties thereon; likewise a state of all the different articles which are now stamped in Great Britain, in order to fix upon the articles which are to be inserted in the law intended for imposing stamp duties in America and the West Indies.' This paper is drawn up in three columns, 1 the first giving 'the present English duties,' the second giving 'duties proposed by Mr. McCulloh' ; and the third giving 'duties intended by t!:e Treasury: On the back of the last sheet is the important indorsement. 'loth October, 1763, was presented to Mr. Greenvill, who approved it' In another volume of the Hardwicke Papers there is a further paper re- lating to the same transaction, and dated only two th 1t1rtNicCullo i j entitled 'Minutes and observations taken in conference upon considering of his scheme for an American Stamp law. To to the considered with the said scheme by the Board of Stamps, P in order Commissioners' order, dated 30th September, 1763, [Treasury] This for the perusal of *the Lords Commissioners of the • Treasury: paper is indorsed 'Draft of conference with Mr. DicCulloh, 12th October, 1763. Copy for the Board [of Stamps].' ,It must be clearly borne in mind;' continues Mr. Shaw, "that what is i responsibility proposal of here asserted as to Henry McCulloh's responsibili for the an American Stamp Act relates only tothe As to how far the idea sactual introduction of kas j proposal into the domain of practical pon by j in very truth an invention of his at this time, e, or was an cognizant in histol 1 him of older proposals of which he may career many. years before, we cannot say. But in all 'such mattersthe name which the Muse chronicles for fame or infamy in the temp human history is not that of the inventor who first originates an idea. but that of the practical man who first brings that idea into direct tela- ' tion with the needs of this or that particular conjunction of events is HENRY MCCULLOH 331 human life. For this reason Henry McCulloh is justly entitled to the fame or infamy of being the one man responsible for the proposition which led to the revolt of the American colonies." .The passage in McCulloh's "Miscellaneous Representations" that contains the germ of the Stamp Act is. the following: "There are several matters to be attended to which have a necessary connection with and dependence on each other.... The first is to ascer- tain our bounds in America.. . . Secondly, to form a system in Indian affairs, in regulating the trade carried on with them; in which particular Care ought to be taken to have all the colonies act upon one system. And as it will require considerable sums to make presents to the Indians, and to put those concerns upon a proper footing, it will be absolutely neces- sary to establish proper funds- in America, by a Stamp Duty on Vellum and Paper; and also by regulating and lowering the duties upon French rum and molasses. "Thirdly, if funds are established to answer the expense of the govern - menu in America, it will be also necessary to regulate the currency in the respective colonies, and to have it the same in all. And if this is done, it becomes equally necessary to regulate the course to be observed in col- lecting and accounting for the revenues in America, as there are at present openings for many shameful abuses." It was thus that Henry McCulloh, sometime citizen of North Carolina, set in motion the ball that opened the Revolution. During the time that Henry McCulloh, the father, was evolv- ing a plan of taxation for the American colonies, Henry Eustace alcCulloh, the son, was a resident of North Carolina, engaged mainly in settling the concerns of his landed estates. He came out about 1761, and resided in the colony continuously until 1767. He became a member of the council April 14, 1762, having been recommended for that position as early as May 14, 1761, which. may be taken as about the date of his arrival in the colony. He resigned this office July 18, 1770, after his return to Eng- land. In 1764 he was a member of the high court of chancery ,and a justice of the peace. In 1766 he was a member of a com- mittee to take steps to facilitate the navigation of port Roanoke (Edenton) and the next year was made collector of that port. From the time of his arrival in Edenton in November, 1768, the duties of that office were performed entirely by his kinsman, J_ 332 NORTH CAROLINA the young James Iredell, although McCulloh retained nominal . control until the opening of the Revolution. H. E. McCulloh returned to England, in 1767 and in 1768 wrote to Edmund Fanning from London and. asked for the ap- pointment as agent to prosecute the business of the province before the boards there. He urges his father's wide experience in the execution of the trust, "whether the appointment is in n,v father's or my name it is all one. I am bold to say we are best able to serve you" On December 2, 1768, he received the ap- pointment, which was for one year; in 1769 it was renewed for two years, and at the. end of that term he received the thanks of the lower house for his "good conduct, zeal and activity" and a reappointment for two years, to date from December, 1771. In October, 1772, he again came to North Carolina, having in the meantime received a transfer from his father of all his property in this State, for he was now the only surviving child. He re- turned to England in June, 1773, being charged with important duties for the colony of which he was still agent. At the opening of the war McCulloh was in England. About August, 1778, he arrived in New York with the expectation of proceeding to the South, but the exigencies of war detained him, and he saw North Carolina no more. In his Memorial in behal i of McCulloh to the General Assembly of North Carolina, dated January 25, 1779, James Iredell says: "Your memorialist further takes the liberty to observe that he has the greatest reason to believe the said Henry Eustace McCulloh has always been firmly attached to the cause of American freedom, since in the course of a long and frequent correspondence between himself and your memorialist ... he often expressed himself in terms highly friendly and affectionate to America, and repeatedly assured him that nothing but . the duty he owed his father detained him in England, and that whenever he should be unhappy enough to lose him, it was his fixed and determined purpose to come and settle in this country." But the petition was in vain. The tide had set against the. Royalist; no exception could be made in favor of McCulloh, and all his property in 'North Carolina was confiscated, which in turn caused many petitions to the Assembly from innocent purchaser=. HENRY McCULLOH- 333 —The rest of our knowledge of McCulloh is derived from gcRee's Iredell.. It is quoted here, as it seems to be a sort of authoritative statement of the estimate placed on him by the janerican members of his family, although it does riot appeal. to the present writer as without prejudice or altogether just: "He was a man of more than ordinary ability and culture; cunning rather than wise. Of loose morals, with a decent regard for appearances, be veiled his vices from the public eye. He had no instrumentality in the appointment of young Iredell to office in America;: but knowing him to be a youth of great promise, he employed all his arts to win his confi- dence and secure his subservience to his interests. He not only devolved on him all the duties of his collectorship, but employed him as agent to transact his private business. Through the agency of Mr. Iredell he was enabled to enjoy uninterrupted, for long periods, the pleasures of a London life. He made Mr. Iredell no compensation for his services. Time after time he would hint that he intended making him his heir. Often he would amuse him with the hope that he would resign his office in his favor; but always found a ready excuse to evade the performance of his promise. His sagacity early detected the small cloud, surcharged with the thunders of the revolution, that was destined to spread over the continent. It was not until thus warned that he resigned his office. His property was confiscated to the State. After this loss his letters to Mr. Iredell became abject and piteous. The latter, true to the generous in- stincts of his nature, forgiving McCulloh's errors, made, without success, strenuous efforts to procure his pardon and the restoration of his estates. The services rendered him were manifold and valuable. At the close of the war, and after he had abandoned all hope of recovering his American lands, with shattered fortunes, but still with an income of 1,200 guineas per annum, McCulloh retired to a country seat in the vicinity of London, where he died" (after May 15, 1785). The materials for a study of the McCullohs, father and son, are more numerous than is the case with most colonial worthies. Besides the documents in the "Colonial and State Records," Mr. William A. Shaw presents some other biographical facts from the unprinted records in the British Archives as an introduction to his edition of the "Miscellaneous Representations," while some letters and many facts, together with the genealogy of the family, is to be found in McRee's "Life and Correspondence of James Iredell," so often quoted above. Stephen B. tiVeeks. We" 3. ;V J F Fenton Esq 82 Hersham Road ::alcor. -on -Thames SURREY IST 12 5'NT 29 June 1981 Dear Sir Thank you for your letter of 24 June regarding H. E. McCulloh. He was a member of A:iddle Temple: there is an account of him in E.A.Jones: American Members of the Inns of Court 192 . The Librarian of the Middle Temple can doubtless supply a photo- copy of the entry. Yours sincerely R Walker LIDRA1ZIr.N M RECORDS OF THE EXECUTIVE COUNCIL each head of family and fifty to each additional person in the family, including slaves *11 Even as there were exceptions to the rule of small grants before 1729— with the Pollocks, Moores, Moseleys, John Lovick, and Frederick Jones patenting 276,164 acres, or some 17 percent of the total acreage granted during the entire period—so were there similar exceptions after rovaliza- tion of the colony. The most notable of the large grantees after 1729 was Henry McCulloh, an Ulster Scot with sufficient influence in official circ es in Lon on to secure in 1737 a Privy Council order for a grant of 1,200,000 acres on the headwaters of the Yadkin, Cape Fear, and Neuse rivers, in addition to previous grants of 72,000 acres between the North- east Cape Fear and Black rivers and 60,000 acres at the Hawfields on the headwaters of the Northwest Cape Fear. The order of 1737 stipulated the settling of 6,000 foreign Protestants on the lands granted, a requirement McCulloh could not fulfill; eventually some 430,000 acres were forfeited to the crown and to Lord Granville, in whose district part of the grant lay. McCulloh, whose activities ranged from support for the search for a -- northwest passage to advocacy as early as 1751 of an empire -wide stamp duty, was an entrepreneur of uncommon energy and persistence, whose complex dealings both in London and North Carolina in promotion of his interests helped to keep politics in the colony in turmoil during most of Governor Johnston's tenure.70 Others, including Arthur Dobbs, in 1736 received grants of land ranging. from 6,000 to 12,000 acres for the stated purpose of importing Ulster Protestants to the Black River area of New Hanover County.71 The land yielded a variety of both field crops and forest products. Of the former, corn was the most important in terms of resources allotted to its production. Raised in all parts of the colony, corn was *easy to grow in a variety of soils and was a staple food for both humans and livestock, in addition to being an export commodity of some consequence from the late seventeenth century, mainly from the Albemarle region. Wheat appears to have been grown almost entirely as a commercial crop for export, its production being chiefly confined to the Albemarle region, "Cain, Records of the Executive Council, I664-1734, 600; Instructions to Governor Johnston, CO 5/323, f. 81; p. 511, below; Saunders, Colonial Records, VII, 37-38, VIII, 514-515. Governors Burrington and Johnston both wanted the fifty -acre limit raised, the latter going so far as to persuade the council to pass an order increasing it to 100 acres for every white person—an action in direct violation of his instructions and also of an order issued by the lords justices in London only months before. Saunders, Colonial Records, 111, 148-149; pp. 119, 125, below. g '"Wolf, "Patents and Tithables," 267-268; Clarke, Arthur Dobbs, 45; Sellers, "Private Profits," 535- 551. For McCulloh's conflicts with the "blank patent gentrey" and eventually with his erstwhile protege Cabriel Johnston, see Sellers, "Private Profits," 536-547, and Ekirch, "Poor Carolina", 74-76, 91.96-97, 100. -- 11P. 51, below. The grants totalled 60,000 acres. Others associated in the enterprise were Alexander Hamilton, James Huey, Alexander Stewart, Ceorge Arnold, and William Allison. CO 1 5/319, fs. 1, 33, 55b, 126. 44 �:-- xxviii Davie County public bllc l.�br�, le, NC fit`