BruceZY)
v,a
Bruce 94 Bruce
and was succeeded by Robirt the Steward.
David was only in his forty-seventh year, but
bo had reigned forty-one years, reckoning
from his accession.
Fordua and Wyntoun, the writers nearest
the time of David, who did not know the ex-
tent of his treason to Scotland, treat his
character more favourably than modern his-
torians. They commend his administration
of justice, his bravery, even his resolute as-
sertion of the royal authority. Wyntoun,
in a curious passage which evidently relates
an authentic anecdote, tells how on his re-
turn to Scotland, when he was going to his
privy councils
The folk, as they were wont to do,
Praueyt rycht redly in thaie to,
'Bot he rycht suddenly gan arises
Out of a mater's hand a mace,
And said redly how do we now?'
Stand still, or the proudest of you
Sall on his hevyd have amyte this mace.
This apparently trivial i¢cident gives occa-
sion to a general Yeflect'on by the historian,
expressing his view of David
Dealers in prynce is a god thyng,
For but ra are all governyog
Sall all Lyme hot despiysed be.
In the same passage he mentions that David
"! only brought with him from England a
` single page, not what we should expect if he
then had the idea of bringing Scotland under
English influence. Both Wyntoun and For -
dun, who, it must be remembered, were
Scottish churchmen (the English' Chronicles
of Lanercost,' whose monastery he plun-
dered, take a very different view of David),
incline to the side of the king as against the
nobles, whose oppression he is represented
ae putting down. Later writers, on the other
hand, note Itis undoubted weakness, his love
of pleasure, his passion for an English mis-
tress—%atherine Mortimer, who died durin
the life of Toannit, and was buried with
pomp at Newbattla—his impolitic marriage
with Margaret Logie, his extravagance, his
Jealousy, and ill-treatment' of Robert the
Steward, above all his sacrifice of the inde-
pendence his father had established. These
inconsistent views, both of which have some
foundation in fact, point to a character itself
inconsistent, passionate, and headstrong, ca-
pable at times of showing strength, at bottom
weak, liable to be led by various influences,
in the end yielding to the persistent policy
and will of the English king.
[Wyntoua, Fordun, and the Liber Plyscar-
densis are the Snitch original authorities, but
Knighton and Froissart supply several details.
The Fschaquer Rolls of Scotland, vols. i. and ii.,
and W. Burnetes learned prefaces ace sp,,.9
valuable for the IM of David.] A;. 3
BRUCE, DAVID J, . 1660), physic
was the sou of Andrew $$cute, D.D., princi
(from 1630 to 1617) of St. Leonard's Coll
in St. Andrews University. He was I
educated at St. Andrews, and proceeded B
there. Later heweut to France, and stud
physic at Paris and Montpellier. IIe
tended taking a medical degree at Pad
but the plague kept him from Italy, i
he finally graduated M.D. at Valence
Dauphiny on 7 May 1657. On 27 ala
1660 Bruce was incorporated doctor of phi
at Oxford. He was associated with
great-uncle, Sir John Wedderburne, in
office of physician to the Duke and Duct
of York. But after fulfilling, in eonser ti
of Wedderburne's infirmities, all thou!
Of the post for many years, he resigned
ottice and travelled abroad. Subsequently
settled at Edinburgh, and was them'
good :epgte for his practice.' Wood sp
of him m still living in Edinburgh in lt.
Bruce was admitted candidate of the 001
of Physicians on 21 Dec. 1660, and wes
original member of the Royal Society.
[Wood's Fasti Oxon. ii. 225; Munk's Coll-
Phys.
ollPhys. i. 297.1 . - S. L
BRUCE, EDWARD
race oo ar m t e incursion upon r
district of Galloway by King Robert, y
during the indisposition of the latter, ad
as a commander of his forces in their ret^
from those of the Earl of Richmond, goner'
in Scotland for Edward II. Edward B
was subsequently desRatched by his brc
against Galloway, which resisted his au:%
city. He muted the English commander =
his Scottish allies there, and compelled
inhabitants to swear allegiance and to fur;
contributions. In this contest he sun"`
by a. stratagem inputting to flight the
lish troops. The details of this enter.^
were chronicled by the poet Barbour, t'"
the narration of one of Bruce's as -St''
On the banks of the Dee, Edward 131
defeated the forces brought againsIt h! e
the chiefs of Galloway, and made a pry¢
of Donall, prince of the Isles. Ha ced
alarge number of castles and strop="b'B
in Galloway, and brought that district
the dominion of King Robert.
Bruce's success in Gallows was celeh?�
inacontemporarypoem. While
was engaged on an expedition eo,�
Isle of binn, Edward Bruce gained i
of the town of Dundee. Defore the Cr
Oav►w Co
Mc
Bruce''
9s Bruce
VA krne,than almost alleged that Edward Bruce defeated the -
Y- As OrA iwireaa held in Scotland for the troops of the English in Ireland in nineteen
j;4 ij Und. Philip de bfowbmy, go- engagementei in which he had not more than - - -
,pr.¢;'pa 4(16 castle, after a vigorous defence, one man ajaiust five, and that he was in a -
's G'... ,rye:e! into a treaty to surrender it to Ed- ' good wap toconquer the entire land, as he
was f -`,r •epi (hues in the following midsummer, if had the Irish on his side, and held possessio¢ i
&d Y r #4 wv vL The terms of this treaty were of Ulster. The poet adds however that
d et-' 4wi wred of by King Robert, who, ho_-
......... ' r ones were mane s out -
ft< „ I
dwrn1tothem. Theattempt of the rageaus-prideIii-t a autumn o ral.r p� a army to relieve Stirling Castle led, otvrr rues ppro. ec a anot er escen u on
c! ! SIL eo the battle of Bannockburn, at Leinster. To prevent -t is movemen , ance NiirlEJvani Bruce was one of the chief arI ge army was mustered by the colonists.
Ms.l 1+a+ sad led the right column of arks a cfuef fi -Ylaere counse a againstof pp!:{y �oxtuh army. In the following year coming to an engagemea wit orces nume-
wirh 1, :trod Rile, in Conjunction with Douglas, rically superior to those under his command. -
e, in t6: ::Tsr-.r_d Northumberland and Yorkshire, He, however, declined to take their advice,
Duh : 4•-ui ta:ae contributions, and returned to and would not wait for reinforcements. �Irn-
sequ•ov An'sna with great spoil. In 1315, in a October a conflict took lace near DRndatY,
is dut.* larmrirm of the prelates, nobles, and com- Cons a am an s o�rcee�ut - -
;ned tl. 0.At AScotland, held at Ayr, an ordinance to flight. ruc a sew" found on the
rsJv. im muud that Edward Bruce should be eta'—with t aro o n e pupas a re c e here i -lord u king, m t e event of the cath u�on�rt. a qua els o Con race e
d s al wi ou ma a sire. '�odp -were se_ up as rop res m
the chief
in Ir't: _ : m -t ruts u escn a as a Vont and wwn_a - - e angusa colony to irelan and
ecollq, r, u iris y imp uous, his a was Pitsea war II in
l am a avessQ -ire oe aro a rigs p Eiag an Barbour ave_u tai-tiTie�ead `
ty. of 9twLad with hra brother. This circum- 'was nob Bruce's, but that of his devoted
a Coll, d ` mks" is supposed to have induced King follower, Gilbert rper, ore ar- -
S. L j Ugt to favour an es:edition against the Scour on the ilay ot 6attle. wmg e
kinef Y be--& Ireland, which Edward Bruce eat , o �wa cute new legislative ar
g (_ wu arited to undertake by some of the rangements were made relative to the royal
rt B" } wr;ra thiels there who regarded him as succession in Scotland. An. instrument is
Edw.rr• 4s -oded from the same ancestors as them- extant by which Robert Bruce confirmed a
rpon d. .:"k Edward Bruce landed in Ulster in ant.of land which had been made by his
!rtactclanil t k`I ISI , Cor a u am Oman an, brother Edward as king of Ireland. The i
red' the Earl of ons an other most detailed account of Edward Bruce's `
o erns rs-
common' aI e ywtESESe-u proceedings in Ireland is contained in Latin -
d Biu..!, session of the toren of annals of that country appended by Camden
broth.! f_ u.l eBr!sr tat" °lege to its strong citadel, to his 'Britannia' in 1607. A new edition - -
3 autbo- + R+att was crowned as king of Ireland. of these annals, in which the oversights of
e�'d Bmce noun re s a en on Camden have been corrected by collation
fled d# + ctl occasions the forces of the English with the manuscript, was printed in the
fun i ; fwIm- ent in Ireland. Robert Bruce hav- London Rolle Series in 1883. John Barbour, -
°t caved with reinfomements from Scot- archdeacon of Aberdeen, in his poem, com= r
ccee<hi µ k:; he and his brother earl in 1517 posed about1376 tells little of Edward Bruce
Is Em f 111' ,d from Ulster to the south of Ire- xcept in connection with his transactions in
terpr-o ��+ Ager the return of King Robert to Ireland and death them. Mary records illus-
rcefnta� r '''S '��ue Edward Bruce continued at Car- trative of affairs in Irelandduring the pre-
Brun o sence of the Brutes there are included among
him br ' if JPape ohn for the purpose '_Historical and Municipal Documents of Ira-.
prisoner of Eng the Irish clerrggyy from the cause land,' published in the London Rolls Series
+ watid Bruce. The are bishops of Dub- in 1870.
gholr + . sari Cashel and other dignitaries were
�t uudet 1 t, QA by the pone to warn ecclesiastics [Johannis de Fordun Chronics gentis Surto-
dtnat hour me t,zg the Irish sople rare, ed. T. Hearne 1722, W. Goodall 1775,
the king of En land, and public and W. F. Skene 1871 • Acts of Parliament of
abrated f staommunicetiona were denounced a ase Scotland, 1814; Annals of Scotland, by Lord
Rohr e G IM,
who persisted i¢ that course.' A re- Hailes, 1819; Annals of Kingdom of Ireland,
"st
the jrs,nch 1848; Hist, of Viceroys of Ireland, 1865; Hist.
session + gp.a_ct an of one of Pose papal instruments of Scotland, by P. F. Tytler 1864, and J. H. - -
end of 7f(it;a_- the third art of Facsimiles of Burton 1867; Facsimiles of National Manu- _
nal Manuscripts of Ireland.' Barbour scripts of Scotland, part ii. 1879; The Broca
pav'ta county Public L+clary
Mpc�csville, NC