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Trails - Great Wagon Road Folder 3OAV1E CO. PUSUC UBRAWY. MXK&VI" MC Vk roy AjIllow AI t2i V, --z• j o. t f* It 'P'O- or -4 — v fO THE DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY EMIGRANT TRAILS IN THE UNITED STATES EAST OF THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER From lecture delivered in slightly different form before the National Genealogical Society, Washington, D. C., February 6,1932 By MARCUS W. LEWIS Copyright 1972 National Genealogical Society Fifth Printing, 1972 Published by NATIONAL GENEALOGICAL SOCIETY 1921 Sunderland Place, N.W. Washington 6, D. C. 1972 DAVIE Co. PU13UC USHARY No THE AUTHOR Marcus W. Lewis, author of the foregoing, was born April 13, 1861, in Indiana. He descends from George Lewis, Barnstable, 1650, and from Lemuel Lewis, Barnstable, Joseph Hallett, Yar- mouth, Mass., and Francis Robinson, of Franklin County, Penn- sylvania, the last three being Revolutionary soldiers. He was educated as a civil engineer, taking special courses at Miami University and Ohio State University. For eleven years he was engaged in general municipal and railroad engineering, and then for over thirty-five years was employed by the Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, from which he retired in 1932. During this time he designed large engineering works in Minnesota and Wisconsin, and later, in the Office of Chief of Engineers, his duties consisted of the technical examination and approval of all plans and specifications for all River and Harbor Improvement Work done under the supervision of the Army Engineers. Due to his life work as an engineer the subject of trails and maps of early days made a special appeal to him, and he devoted much time to this phase of genealogical research. He is a life member of the American Society of Civil En- gineers, and first vice president of the National Genealogical Society. Mr. Lewis has contributed to the Lewis Genealogy, and to Cape „Cod,,Families and their,Descendants, and has made studies of the Campbell, Robinson, and Kennedy Families of Franklin County, Pennsylvania. oAVIE CO. P11" UBPAW MOCKSVILM No THE DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY EMIGRANT TRAILS More or less well-established trails made by wild animals in search of food or drink existed upon the earth for long ages before the appearance of man, changing very slowly as local conditions were altered by erosion, climatic shifts or other causes. Man found the lands already covered with these trails and began using them because they led him to water, to salt licks, and to other places where the primal necessities, that is, water, food, and materials for clothing could be obtained. Later on, these trails became media for friendly or hostile communication between the people themselves. There was far more travel among the Indians in their early undisturbed condition than is usually supposed. This was sometimes for barter - commerce, sometimes for visits of a social, friendly, or religious char- acter, and sometimes for purposes of war or adventure. There are well -authenticated cases of Indians having gone on visits to distant friendly tribes, covering from 1000 to 2000 miles. A friendly visi- tor with a new sacred or social dance was always welcome in any Indian village, and great pains were usually taken to learn it. Indians actually covered our continent with a network of trails over which they ran long distances with great speed and endurance. These trails followed the lines of least resistance, always a most valuable feature in transportation or travel. In the selection of trails it is clearly indicated that they avoided rough, stony ground and dense undergrowth. While these earlier inhabitants of our country changed from age to age, the topography and natural features during the same periods remained substantially unaltered. The great settlements of these earlier peoples always have been in the richer valleys, or on certain sites possessing natural advantages; therefore the paths found and used by one people were, through a large portion of their length, followed by their successors even though the terminal towns or points of interest may have shifted some- what, and some sections of them had become more or less worn down below the original natural surface of the ground. In later years, when the white man came, either on foot or on horse- back, and when the Indians would permit, he used the same trails, and many portions of them were later followed successively by the white man's wagon roads so that the interesting fact is that several of the great State or National turnpikes and highways follow substantially the paths of the • ancient animals and their later successors, the white settlers. z The one characteristic to which, ordinarily, there was no exception was the narrowness of the trails made by the ancients or the Indians. The OAVIE CO. PUBUC UBRARY �t4 NO 2 GENEALOGICAL PUBLICATIONS Indian did not travel in single file because there was advantage in that formation; it was because his only routes were trails which he never widened or improved. The only exception to the narrow trail was at local points where shorter branches led to salt wells, or to maple sugar orchards. With the opening of Government lands to the west of the Alleghenies, better trails or roads became imperative. The former narrow Indian trails had to be widened to allow the passage of the packhorse. This was followed later by the need for wagons. The introduction of the wagon on these Indian trails aroused much indignation amoung the packers of goods and mer- chandise because it was claimed with good reason that the wagon would ruin their trade. The widening of the paths into roads, when first ordered, offended them. Thousands of shorter trails were first widened for local needs, then came the longer connecting early roads, among the first of which was the one across southern New York; the one across southern Pennsylvania; the one from Philadelphia through the Shenandoah valley to the south and southwest, and its branch through Cumberland Gap to Ken- tucky, Ohio, and the northwest. It has been my endeavor to locate approximately on the map herewith many of the important Indian trails which later became the ones selected by our earlier emigrants, although it has not been possible to establish clearly every foot or mile of each route. Important Indian trails lying between the Ohio River and the Atlantic Ocean, and also between the Ohio River and the Gulf of Mexico have been selected from maps which accompany a report on Indian trails by William E. Meyer, John R. Swanton and Charles C. Royce, published in the 42nd Annual Report of the Bureau of American Ethnolo y for 1924-1925. Only such of these Indian trails therein described have been used fortis map as actually became in later years permanent emigrant roads. The location of these early trails was carefully copied from the earli- est maps prepared from actual surveys and which are on file in the Map Division of the Congressional Library at Washington, D.C. The copies were made • either by making tracings on the originals or by proportionate reproduction. Only the earliest maps of each respective colony or state lying east of the Mississippi River were examined, and only those trails were finally selected which gave, with a fair degree of accuracy, the in- formation sought. The locations so selected were verified later by the careful examina- tion of later maps which, by judging from the authorities and statements given, purported to show permanent highways. Usually from five to ten of the earlier published maps of each colony or state were examined. In • almost every instance, the earliest maps of a colony or state are largely the results of guesswork or very meager or inaccurate methods of loca- tion, so that only the general direction between important early posts or forts can be taken to indicate approximately their actual location. PUBUC UBKARY OXXOMMp,�,VJE CO-, No THE DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY EMIGRANT TRAILS 3 Throughout almost all sections of this country lying east of the No- sissippi River water routes existed in places contiguous to the land trails, sometimes supplementing them and sometimes practically excluding them, that is, water transportation would largely take the place of a possible land trail where the topography was too rugged, uneven, or mountainous. The Ohio River, the Kanawha, the Warrior, the Tennessee, the Potomac, and the Connecticut may be mentioned as examples of rivers which aided emigrants in their onward march to newer locations. It is believed that the many natural sounds and lagoons along the southern Atlantic and the Gulf coasts aided not a little the movements of our early pioneers in their travels. On some of the more rapid streams primitive water transportation no doubt was largely in one direction only. For instance, on the Kanawha and the upper Warrior Rivers, where the currents are swift in many places, rafts, canoes, and other simple forms of boats comprised almost the only means utilized. The more careful the investigation, the more clearly can it be shown that the Indian trails and not the rivers became the selected routes of the early emigrants who journeyed into the new countries of the west and south. Mr. Archer B. Hulbert, the well-known investigator, states that there was not an important trail in Ohio that was not found to be blazed, and that it is well known that the Red Men were not in the habit of blazing their trails. We will now describe some of the most important trails which later became so intimately connected with our early colonial history. The Great Indian Warpath The Great Indian Warpath, sometimes referred to as the Warrior's Path, is the name which, together with its. almost equally important branches, will always be associated with the early growth and development of a number of our colonies and states. This great trunk trail reaching from eastern Pennsylvania near Philadelphia, crossing the Susquehanna not far from the present city of Harrisburg, thence passing westerly and southwesterly between mountain ranges and along the valleys of the Shenandoah and the upper tributaries of the Tennessee River to Chatta- nooga, was taken by many of our early emigrants who, immediately follow- ing the Revolutionary War, began removing from New England, Penn- sylvania, Maryland, and Virginia into the newly opened regions of Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, and also into the states lying to the south of North Carolina and Kentucky. _ This trail was often mentioned by early white visitors to the Cherokee country of the south. It was intimately connected with the prehistoric migrations of the aborigines, and was one of the great trading and war paths between the northern and southern tribes. In later years it saw the 001E CO- PUBLIC LIBRARY U0CK V1Lt4 NC 4 GENEALOGICAL PUBLICATIONS passage of those men and armies which made history both for the Indians and for the white pioneers who followed. The distance from Philadelphia to the interior of Kentucky by way of this trail and its important branch or prong which passed through the Cumberland Gap was nearly 800 miles. The line of early travel passed through the present towns of Lancaster, York, Gettysburg, Hagerstown, and Winchester; thence up the Shenandoah Valley to Staunton, Va.; thence along the great trough between the principal ranges of the Appalachian system, over the divide into similar valleys of eastern Tennessee to Chattanooga. When our progenitors of the Atlantic coast began to look toward homes and conquest beyond the Alleghenies, the greatest impediment in their path was the great blue .mountain wall that stood between them and the coveted land. Here geography of the country asserted itself and deflected the line of travel of even these hardy travelers whose roving spirit had dared and suffered so much in the century immediately preceding this time. When the tide began to move from eastern Pennsylvania, northern and western Virginia and Maryland, it, rather than attempt "the crossing" directly, moved southwest, down the troughs of the mountains in the lines of least resistance, until in the course of time they found the breach in the wall at Cumberland Gap. Southwest Virginia and western North Carolina were settled by people largely from Pennsylvania and northern Virginia. In 1769, Daniel Boone, from the Yadkin, inspired by Dr. Walker of Virginia, found and passed through the Cumberland Gap and blazed. out the "Wilderness Road." No less than 70,000 people moved through this gap and over this road in the fifteen years between 1774 and 1790, and these people became settlers, owners and directors of the life and policies of the great Mississippi Valley. A new civilization and an independent self -directing government was established beyond the mountain wall. The "Warrior's Path" in Kentucky was a continuation of several trails which led up from the Carolinas and Georgia through eastern Ten- nessee where intersections were made with the main trail; thence through the great opening in the mountain wall at Cumberland Gap. From this gap it ran towards Portsmouth, Ohio, and Louisville, Ky., with a num- ber of less important branches. The trail known as the "Warrior's Path of Kentucky" was the one which reached the Ohio River opposite the mouth of the Scioto. This was the second most famous continental thoroughfare which has never lost its importance. This great branch through Kentucky and on north through central Ohio played an important and also a tragic part in the Kentucky of the aborigines as well as in the Kentucky of the early white man. Over its prongs and main stem passed northward war bands and tribes to strike blows at their enemies of the northland, and in turn there moved southward like bands eager to strike terrible blows 0AV1E CO. PU:BL'C USPARY MOCKS 50 THE DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY EMIGRANT TRAILS 5 against their adversaries. Along it and its branches in the same way came Indians to harass the white settlements of Kentucky, and over it they carried Boone and many another white captive. Some of these settlers were to be tortured and slain in the Ohio villages, while some were sold into slavery among the far distant tribes of Canada. The uncertainty, the dread and the horror of it all, justified the name which clung to this region for many years - "The Dark and Bloody Ground." No country has ex- perienced bloodier deeds or greater courage and daring than that which occurred along this ancient highway. In later years this important branch of the Warrior's Path became one of the most traveled of all the several emigrant routes of this part of our country. It is well to mention another branch of this warpath. This prong left the main stem in Virginia near the divide between the headwaters of the Shenandoah and the upper tributaries of the Roanoke River not far from the present town of Staunton. This branch led to the west into the valleys of the New and Kanawha Rivers, along which rivers it followed to the Ohio River near Gallipolis. The mountain gap of the upper New River of West Virginia and the Cumberland Gap were points of great interest in studying the early settlements of Kentucky and Ohio. It was at these points, and especially at the gap of the New River that western emigration reached the "borders of the wilderness." Through the valleys of Virginia the travel of the early emigrants coming from the north and from the eastern shores of the colony was not attended with unusual difficulties or dangers of great consequence. The wild, rough, and dangerous part of their journey to the lands of the west commenced especially when the mountainous country of the New and Kanawha Rivers was reached, and travelers were turned squarely toward the setting sun to make their laborious way through the rough lands into what was then an uninhabited country. Thousands of emigrants also went west by way of Braddock's Road in Maryland and Pennsylvania, the Ohio River, or the National Road of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois, but, by comparison, more went into the interior by way of Cumberland Gap and the Kanawha River. Not only did these great continental trails serve the pioneer travelers, but their several minor branches, penetrating to the right or to the left, invited him ever onward into the deeper recesses of the great interior woodland areas which cov- ered the many thousands of square miles of that portion of the central west. Although rivers have served as an important aid in the development of our country, it has been clearly shown by our careful investigators that the Indian trails and not the rivers were the preferred routes chosen by the early settlers who emigrated westward to the Mississippi Valley states and territories. Not only were the Indian trails used largely by these pioneers, opening the way to a distribution of the population over the land, • • but later these trails became our first permanently improved roads. This was especially true not only as to the Warrior's Path and its principal branches, but also as to the trail followed by Braddock from Alexandria, Virginia, to Fort Pitt, now Pittsburgh. DAIS CO. PLiBLEC LIBIVARY MOCI MUE� NO; 6 GENEALOGICAL PUBLICATIONS The Old Trading Path of Pennsylvania ! As early as the middle of the eighteenth century intelligent white men were beginning to cross the Allegheny Mountains and enter the Ohio River Basin. One of the most practicable routes was found to be an old trading path which ran almost west from Philadelphia to the present site of Pitts- burgh. According to the Indians, it was the easiest route from the Atlantic slope through the dense laurel wilderness to the Ohio River. The course of this early trail is best described by the description of the Old State Road through Pennsylvania to Pittsburgh built during the first half -decade following the Revolutionary War. This road passed through Lancaster, Carlisle, Bedford and Greensburg. The old tracing path passed through practically the same points. As this path followed no streams and crossed only one major stream, the Susquehanna, it could be traveled any month of the year, something that could not be said of many of the early trails. An official report to the Pennsylvania Council in 1754 gave the length of this Indian path as 190 miles. When it is remembered that this was the origin- al track totally uninfluenced by white man's attention, it is an interesting fact to note that the later Great State Road of Pennsylvania from Carlisle to Pittsburgh, laid out in 1785, so nearly followed the path selected by the aborigines, that its actual length between these points, measured in 1819, was just 197 miles, or only seven miles longer than that of the prehistoric trace of buffalo and the Indian. Perhaps there is no more significant in- stance of the practicability of Indian routes in the United States, and par- ticularly so when it is known that for over two thirds of its length it passed directly across the many ranges of the great Appalachian mountain system. The very fact that this Indian path differed so little from the first State road in a length of nearly 200 miles shows conclusively that it was dis- tinctly a utilitarian selection on the part of the Indian. The hardships and thrilling experiences borne by the early emigrants who undertook to open up this important trail to a width and condition that pack -horses and wagons might travel over it, is vividly described by Mr. Archer B. Hulbert in his Historic Highways of America. It is of special interest to state that the eastern section of this old Indian trading path, or that portion between Philadelphia and Lancaster, 66 miles in length, be- came the first macadamized highway in the United States. The Occaneechi P= This trail led from Bermuda Hundred on the James River, and Old Fort Henry (later Petersburg, Va.), southwesterly to the important Indian trading town of the Occaneechi on the Roanoke River about where it crosses the present state line between Virginia and North Carolina. From this point it passed through North Carolina and northeastern South Carolina to the present site of the city of Augusta, Ga., where it connected directly with other major trails leading to various sections of the southeastern and Gulf states, Its total length was 500 miles. While this trail was doubtless L) VIC-1 t;u• eudUC U13f4ma MQMMMM IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY EMIGRANT TRAILS 7 of pre -historic origin, it does not appear to have become of great impor- tance until the advent of the traders. It then sprang immediately into prominence and this condition has continued down to the present day, a period of about 250 years, or since the year 1675. As the Tidewater Region of Virginia became more settled, a stream of colonists flowed along the Occaneechi Path and located in the most fertile spots. In course of time it grew into a well-known turnpike, serving thousands of emigrants whose desire was to reach the southern part of our rich domain. This path received its name from an Indian town located on an island in the Roanoke River near what is now the town of Clarksville, Va. This island's written history begins with a description by the noted traveler and explorer, John Lederer, who in 1670 wrote as follows: "This island though small, maintains many inhabitants who are fixed here in great security, being fortified by nature with fastness of mountains and water on every side." These Indians raised crops of corn, always keeping a year's supply in case of attack by their foes. How long they had been thus located is un- known, but by the year 1670 they had built up a unique and attractive posi- tion among the Indian tribes, in that they had made their town a noted trading center for many of the surrounding peoples even to a distance of 500 miles. This island was much resorted to by white traders and travelers, though on the other hand these Indians were inclined to discourage ad- vances made by Virginians into what might be called the Occaneechi trade preserves. It is sad to relate, although it had been of use to many early settlers, that the once important Indian village was doomed to decay, for by 1733 its former inhabitants were gone, and the ancient site of this once prosperous town was abandoned and deserted. As above stated, this early path through the Carolinas connected with other important trails leading into Georgia and Alabama. Great caravans of white emigrants passed along this route both to and from in very early days, visiting the Red Men in their villages, selling them guns, powder, shot, hatchets, kettles, blankets, brass rings and other trinkets which always attracted them. This trading and transportation over this route was particularly active between 1700 and 1750. It is believed that De Soto and his cavaliers were the first white men to have used at least portions of the great Occaneechi Path, perhaps about the year 1540 or a little later. The Natchez Trace When white people first came into central Tennessee they found an Indian path running from the former Indian settlements around Nashville to the Chicasaw towns about Pon-to-toc in northern Mississippi where it connected with trails leading to all sections of the southern United States. The middle Tennessee white settlers called it the Chicasaw Trace because it connected with the towns of the southern tribe. Later on it became OAVIE CO- PUBU(; us"AW 8 GENEALOGICAL PUBLICATIONS generally known as the Natchez Trace with its southern end at the present town on the Mississippi River of that name. This trace was also regarded by the early pioneers as being of ancient origin and was often referred to as the Old Chickasaw Trace. Its route was the logical one for move- ments between large and important sections of the central United States. The white man began to use it as soon as he came into the regions adjacent to it. As these new settlers increased in number, and their land and water traffic grew in value and importance, Natchez became of more and more importance. The key situation of this trail between the central regions about Kentucky and Tennessee and the lower Mississippi country forced its use, and it has since played a vital part in the life of the whole region af- fected, both in peace and in war. Early white settlers also floated their products by water to Natchez, or beyond, but many of them preferred to return by land over the Natchez Trace, rather than by the long and lab- orious upstream "pull -and -push -against -the -current" journey by way of the Mississippi, the Ohio, Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers. By Act of Congress in 1806, the President was authorized to open a National road between Nashville and Natchez, a distance of 500 miles, the Indians being allowed the privilege of operating ferries at the streams crossed and collecting toll therefor. The construction was supervised by General Wilkinson, U.S. Army, and the old trace thus became one of our National highways. _ The Lower Creek Tradin Path Another great connecting trail which later became permanent was called the Lower Creek Trading Path and reached from Greenville on the Mississippi through the states of Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, and South Carolina, passing through Birmingham, Macon, Augusta, with important branches to Savannah and St. Augustine, Florida. This great southern trail had direct connection with the Occaneechi Path of North Carolina and Virginia, and also the Warrior's Path of Virginia and Kentucky. The development of this great trail was similar in its consecutive steps to the other important emigrant trails heretofore described. The National Road This important east -and -west trail became one of the longest of the early emigrant roads although that portion west of Wheeling on the Ohio is not as old as many other roads of the eastern and southern states. The National Road eventually extended from Philadelphia to St. Louis. It passed through Baltimore, Frederick, Cumberland, Wheeling, Columbus, Rich- mond, Indianapolis, Terre Haute, to St. Louis. It became one of the most extensively used roads in this country, and its cost was, to a large extent, borne by the Government. The Buffalo Trace This was also known as the "Kentucky Road," "Vincennes Trace," "Clarksville Trace," and "Harrison's Road." It entered Indiana from the oAV1E Co. PU.BLIU UBRARY MOCKSVLM NO THE DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY EMIGRANT TRAILS 9 south at the present site of New Albany, almost opposite Louisville, along whose waterfront lies the Falls of the Ohio River. From New Albany the Buffalo Trace extended in a northwesterly direction a few miles south of the towns of Paoli, Greenwich, Washington, and thence to Vincennes on the Wabash River. As a line of travel between Louisville and Vincennes this old trail was as prominent in 1800 and before as the Baltimore and Ohio Railway has been in recent years. In early times buffaloes passed over it in great numbers and kept it open in many places 20 feet wide. It was a beaten and well-worn path. The Buffalo Trace became the one im- portant overland highway across southern Indiana. Two thirds of all the early settlers who came to southern Indiana or were destined to points farther west went over this trail. It was so prominent that it later was used as a basis from which to locate a treaty line between General William Henry Harrison and the Indians in 1804. No doubt one reason for its im- portance was that it connected directly with the western prong of the Warrior's Path through Kentucky. The Old Chicago Road This old emigrant trail reached from Indianapolis to Chicago, passing through Crawfordsville, Covington and Williamsport on the Wabash. It was intersected south of Williamsport by the "La Fayette Road" which ran north from Vincennes, passing through Sullivan, Terre Haute, Gallatin and Covington. Both of these emigrant trails were used by the early pio- neers seeking locations in the then unsettled regions of the great north- west of the early 19th Century. Near the intersection of these two early roads south of Williamsport, Indiana, existed a typical pioneer tavern kept by Robert Alexander. This was one of the most noted stopping places of that region. Here was toddy and a frontier welcome for the weary traveler, homesteader or the hunter. For the hunter there were deer, wild turkeys, prairie chickens and quail, with the millions of migratory wild geese, ducks and pigeons in their season. Around its great fireplace on cold nights the host entertained his guests with many stories and traditions of the locality. There were tales of emigrants lost on the great prairies, of the dreaded prairie fire which swept everything in its path, of the bravery, courage and self-denial of these early pioneers. In the 40's and 50's there was a constant stream of "prairie schooners" over this trail. The swift running deer often crossed the path, and the gaunt wolf sniffed the evening meal; with his echoing howls he called in his ever hungry comrades. The Chicago Road was a historic thoroughfare in its time, it being the main artery of communication for travel from Indianapolis and Vincennes to the thriving city at the southern end of Lake Michigan. Due to the great travel over it, its width was great in places. Many emigrants passing over it came from Virginia, Kentucky, and Ohio on their way to the attractive newer locations of the unsettled northwest. Taverns as above described were typical along these early emigrant roads, and the frontier sociability always found there . did much to soften the hardships of travel in those days, especially during inclement weather. The portion of this road north of the Wabash River was QAVIE CO. PUBLIC LIMA" UQCNEUM of 10 GENEALOGICAL PUBLICATIONS an exception to many of the early roads in that it did not later become a permanent highway. Early Trails and Roads of New England For generations untold before the settlements of Plymouth and Boston, the Indians followed certain trails which were later adopted by the first white men for their early roads in New England. Many predecessors of Massasoit and King Philip had led their tribes along these trails on war- like expeditions or on annual trips to lakes and ocean to secure their supplies of fish and game, and consequently such paths, worn by the feet of countless braves and their Indian ponies, were well defined, often being depressed a foot or more below the surface of the adjoining ground. Many may be followed today, sometimes in comfort by the modern automobile, while others of these trails are still undeveloped country roads, little used. Among the early trails which later became emigrant roads we may mention the "Coast Path" from Boston to Plymouth; the "Kennebunk Road" following the coast from Boston to southern Maine; the "Bay Road" from Boston to Taunton; the "Old Connecticut Path" from Boston, through Worcester and Springfield to Albany, N.Y., where it joined the "Mohawk (or Iroquois) Trail" to Lake Erie; the "Old Roebuck Road" through Dedham, Walpole, Foxboro, and Attleboro to Providence, R.I.; and the "Boston Post Road" from Boston to New York, a portion of which from Providence to Westerly, R.I., was the "Pequot Path" of the Indians. As the fertile fields of the inland districts of New England gradually drew settlers from the shores of the ocean, it obviously became necessary to have better paths or roads connecting the new homes with the older settlements, and the hit or miss arrangement of rough roads, radiating from central points along the coast, resulted. Until well into the nineteenth century each village was an independent community having its own church, blacksmith, shoemaker, gristmill, and country store. The farmer's cloth- ing for the day, and his bedding for the night were spun, woven and made by the women of his own family from the wool of his own sheep. The grain of his fields was harvested into barns on the same premises, or ground into meal or flour at the mill but a few miles distant. Little need was there then for many through roads. The one fixed journey was the weekly trip to church, and the road which provided the facility for that generally led also to the gristmill or to the country store where he could dispose of the sur- plus which his farm might yield. Such were the primitive conditions in New England and also elsewhere in the colonies in many places about the year 1800. A new era was dawning. Such conditions were fast becoming intolerable. New lands were opening up for settlement in the "Far West." Many of the inhabitants were emi- grating to other and newer lands bearing with them all their worldly pos- sessions with which to furnish and maintain their new homes. Better 0AV1E C Fuer M THE DEVELOPMENT OF EARLY EMIGRANT TRAILS 11 facilities for transportation became imperative, resulting in the well - used emigrant roads enumerated above. These improvements were also furthered by the greater need for the handling of mail and passengers from one part of our colonial domain to another. The following emigrant roads of somewhat lesser importance are appended: The Natchez and Lower Creek Trail. in Mississippi and Alabama, the "Alabama and Mobile Trail" through Alabama, together with the trail running from Montgomery northeast to Chattanooga, Tennessee, became one of the great southern outlets directly connected with the Great War- rior's Path of Tennessee, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, the total distance from Philadelphia to Natchez over this route being about 1250 miles. The, Fort Miami Trail. - This trail ran northwesterly along the water- shed between the Scioto and the Great and Little Miami Rivers in Ohio, to the valley of the Maumee. This was the principal route between the Ohio River and Detroit, and was General Wayne's route to the "Fallen Timbers." The Great., Trail. -This trail ran from Ft. Pitt, now Pittsburgh, to Detx7o_1-tbT way of Wooster, Freemont, and Raisin River, and was one of the most important trails of the central west in Revolutionary times. It was a western extension of Braddock's Road. The South Carolina State Road and the„Catawba.Trail extending from eastern lessee through the Carolinas to Charleston formed another important connection with the Great Warrior's Path, forming a direct southern connection with the Warrior's Path of Kentucky, the total length from Charleston to the Ohio River being about 575 miles. This trail in- tersected the Occaneechi Path at Columbia. The.Mohawkjrail of New York (also known as the Iroquois Trail) ex- tended from Am-lbany to near Tonawanda at the eastern end of Lake Erie, passing through Utica, Syracuse, Auburn, and Batavia. This trail was used greatly by our early emigrants and was intimately connected in many ways with the early history of the State. Another road much used by the early pioneers in removing to the west extended also from Albany through the southern portion of the State, with one branch leading south to Pittsburgh, and another near Lake Chau- tauqua to Lake Erie. It passed through the towns of Delhi, Ithaca, and Bath. The Hudson River - Lake Champlain Trail followed these waterways _ and forrhed a direct connection between ew York and the early roads of Canada which led into the St. Lawrence Valley. , � pAV.10 �� A LIST OF THE PRINCIPAL EMIGRANT TRAILS SHOWN ON THE MAP HEREWITH No. 1 - Bolivar and Memphis Trail 2 - Chickasaw Trail 3 - Lower Harpeth Trail 4 - Great South Trail 5 - Black Fox Trail 6 - The Cisca and St. Augustine Trail 7 - The Cumberland and Ohio Falls Trail 8 - The Catawba Trail 9 - The Tennessee, Ohio and Great Lakes Trail 10 - The Warrior's Path of Kentucky 11 - The Old South Carolina State Road to the North 12 - The Unicoi Turnpike 13 - The Augusta and Cherokee Trail 14 - The Augusta and Savannah Trail 15 - The Lower Creek Trading Path 16 - The Tombigbee and Arkansas River Trail 17 - The Macon and Montgomery Trail 18 - Trail from Natchez to the Lower Creeks 19 - The Alabama and Mobile Trail 20 - The Alabama, Choctaw and Natchez Trail 21 - The Mobile and Natchez Trail 22 - The Wilmington, Highpoint and Northern Trail 23 - The Augusta and St. Augustine Trail 24 - The Jacksonville and Apalachee Bay Trail 25 - The Southern St. Augustine-Apalachee Trail 26 - The Savannah and Jacksonville Trail 27 - The Lower Cherokee Trader's Path 28 - The Memphis, Pototoc and Mobile Trail 29 - The Mohawk (Iroquois) Trail 30 - The Fort Miami Trail 31 - The Great Trail 32 - The Occaneechi Path 33 - The Pamunkey-New River Trail 34 - The Natchez -New Orleans Trail 35 - The Great Indian Warpath 36 - Kanawha Branch of Great Indian Warpath 37 - The Buffalo Trace 38 - The Old Chicago Road 39 - The Old Trading Path of the South 40 - The National Road 41 - The Pecatonica Trail 42 - The Chicago and Dubuque Highway 43 - The Kellogg Trail 44 - The Old Connecticut Path 45 - The Natchez Trace 46 - The Coast Path 47 - The Kennebunk Road 48 - The Old Roebuck Road 49 - The Boston -New York Post Road 50 - The Michigan Road 51 - The "Old Trading Path" of Pennsylvania 52 - The Vincennes and Indianapolis Road 53 - The Cumberland Trace 54 - The La Fayette Road OAV1E PUSUCu�B" ;6CV,�11l1a I di Great Waggon -Road In 1779 (Surry Deed Book A, page 24) Leonard Moser obtained a 640 acre.N.C. Grant on the Northwestern side of Wachovia, crossing the Wachovia Road. In 1786 Anthony Bitting purchased 241 acres of this tract including the Plantation Home. In 1791, Bitting obtained a N.C. Grant for 100 adjoining acres and in 1796 he obtained an additional 80 acre N.C. Grant on the Old Road from Germanton to Bitting's home. These deeds pinpoint the location of the Great Waggon Road. Deeds made,until this day refer to this Old Road; although it was abandoned many years ago. Deeds from Wachovia tell of the road through the old tract now belonging to Mrs. Vernon Flynt. This road is a monument to our country and all our ancestors. If it could talk; what a story it would tell. i J � The 1775 Mouzon Map shows only this road. The Old Hollow Z W Road (Broad Street) does not appear until the mid 1800s. a-• The road enters Forsyth County West of Germanton. It criss- o 0 crosses Hwy. 65 many timed (In front of the Old Hartgrove Mansion, °1 ti behind Eva Merritt's home, crossing Crestbrook Drive, back across a the railroad, down behind the Gray Grubbs home, up the hillside pasture, across Etta Morefield's, Shirley Koehn's front yard, then across Elon Bodenheimer's woodland, crossing Academy Street, up behind Duke Power, Old Bitting Homeplace, on with Peso Street through the woods behind stone house Dr. Stallings built; then crossing rail- road, up the valley between two mountains, lying about.300 feet east of Hwy. 65, then it appears in front of Moore's log home. Jamie Stultz tells of plowing the road under when he was a young man in front of his ancestral home. And on to Bethania. You have to see this road to believe it.) 4t Mr. Howell Boone Route 1, Box 365-A Mocksville, NC 27028 Dr. Lindley Butler Rockingham Community College Wentworth, NC 27375 Robert Carter Rt. 2, Box 399 Reidsville, NC 27320 Mrs. Louise Chatfield 124 Lawrence Street Greensboro, NC 27401 Mr. & Mrs. Jim Collins Rt. 2, Box 419 Westfield, NC 27053 Mr. R.M. Collins Post Office Box 474 Pilot Mountain, NC 27021 Reba C. Elliott P.O. Box 937 King, NC 27021 Mr. William (Bill) Ferebee Route 1 Mocksville, NC 27028 Mr. John Gilmore 2960 Kecoughton Road Pfafftown, NC 27040 GREAT WAGON ROAD BOARD OF DIRECTORS Mr. Richard Gravely, Jr. 1202 Mulberry Martinsville, VA 27112 Geneva Hanes Pine Hall North Carolina 27042 Mr. Edward Hendricks History Department Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC 27109 Mr. Milton Hundley 1124 Simpson Street Eden, NC 27288 June N. Koehn 450 College Street Rural Hall, NC 27045 Mr. Jacob Lawson Route 1, Box 64 Pine Hall, NC 27042 Mr. Darrell Lester Route 1 Sandy Ridge, NC 27046 Mr. Bill McGee Germanton North Carolina 27019 Debbie Miller 510 S. Cedarwood Dr. Danville, Ill. 61832 Mr. J.G.H. Mitchell Route 3, Box 208 Walnut Cove, N.C. 27052 Miss Rebecca Mitchell Route 3, Box 208 Walnut Cove, N.C. 27052 Floyd L. Rich Route 4, Box 20 Reidsville, NC 27320 Ina Gordon Smith 345 Academy Street Rural Hall, NC 27045 Mr. Jamie C. Smith Route 2, Box 78 Stoneville, Nc 27048 Mr. Charles Stevens c/o Stokes County Sheriff's Department P.O. Box 20 Danbury, NC 27016 Dr. Willie Taylor 1605 Random Drive Greensboro, NC 27407 Mr. W. Aaron Tilley Post Office Box 112 Danbury, NC 27016, ca L �v �z GREAT WAGON ROAD FROM PHILADELPHIA PAGE 1 L. Andrew Bell, III, Asst. Dir. R.B. Brenner Winston-Salem Foundation Staff Reporter Mrs. June Allen Winston-Salem Journal 229 First Union Building 108 Vintage Avenue Winston-Salem, NC 27101 P.O. Box 3159 Winston-Salem, NC 27107 Winston-Salem, NC 27102 Dr. Francis Amos 209 Maple Street Rocky Mount, VA 24151 Mr. Paul N•. Arsenault 706 South Hawthorne Road Winston-Salem, NC 27103 Mr. Bud Bennett Route 4 King, NC 27021 Mr. Moir R. Bennett Rt. 2, Box 30 Rural Hall, NC 27045 Mr. Bill Austin, Exec. Dir. NW North Carolina Dev. Assoc., Mr. Greg Bethea Inc. United Way Post Office Box 7525 First Union Building Winston-Salem, NC 27102 Winston-Salem, NC 27101 Ms. Kathleen Atkins Blackwell Pine Hall North Carolina 27042 Sheriff Tony Blalock 11 Box 118 Danbury, NC 27016 Mr. Carl A. Barkley, Jr. 410 Sherwood Forest Road Winston-Salem, NC 27104 Mr. & Mrs. C. R. Bell Route 2, Box 259 Pinnacle, NC 27043 W.R. Bledsoe Herman Boger Rt. 3, Box 110 Advance, NC 27006 Mr. Leander Bohannon 4120 Whitfield NE Winston-Salem, NC 27101 Nancy Boles Box 308-B, Route 1 Walnut Cove, NC 27052 Mr. & Mrs. Kenneth Bull Box 7, Benson Road Colfax, NC 27235 Mr. & Mrs. G.W. Burwell Rt. 1 Westfield, NC 27053 Ms. Barbara Buskirk 301 West Tenth Street Apt. 101 Charlotte, NC 28202 Mr. John Butner 5565 Main Street Bethania, NC 27010 C Mrs. Anne A. Cain Route 1, Box 109 Hamptonville, NC 27030 Mr. Robert Carlisle, Jr. 812 Sylvan Road Winston-Salem, NC 27104 Dr. Douglas Carroll, Director Winston-Salem/Forsyth County Planning Department P.O. Box 2511, City Hall Winston-Salem, NC 27102 GREAT WAGON ROAD FROM PHILADELPHIA PAGE 2 Mr. Ralph Cornelius • Rt. 2 Yadkinville, NC 27055 Mr. Gene Cox Ms. Frances H. Casstevens Chief of Interpretation Route 1, Box 99 New River Gorge National River Yadkinville, NC 27055 Post Office Drawer V Oak Hill, WV 2590.1 Mr. & Mrs. Tommy Collins Rt. 11 Westfield, NC 27053 Mr. Jerry Cornelius Rt. 2 East Bend, NC 27018 Keith Cornelius Rt. 2 East Bend, NC 27018 Mr. Ben Davis General Delivery Danbury, NC 27016 Mrs. May Creech Drawer M Salem Station Winston-Salem, NC 27105 Mr. Marshall Crews Randy Cockerham Baux :Mountain Road Rt. 3, Box 77 Route 3 Spainhour Road Winston-Salem, N.C. 27105 King, NC 27021 Kent Crouch Rt. 4, Box 264 •`2 z King, NC 27021 U 00 Mrs. Hallie Cundiff U Mr. & Mrs. Terry Collins post Office Box 5 •�s r• Rt. 2 Boonville, NC 27(11.1 03 Q Westfield, NC 27053 Mr. & Mrs. Tommy Collins Rt. 11 Westfield, NC 27053 Mr. Jerry Cornelius Rt. 2 East Bend, NC 27018 Keith Cornelius Rt. 2 East Bend, NC 27018 Mr. Ben Davis General Delivery Danbury, NC 27016 Mr. & Mrs. Johnny Dearmin Route 2 Westfield, NC 27053 Mr. Tom Deese South Stokes High School Route 1 Walnut Cove, NC 27052 Mr. & Mrs. Reid Denny, Jr. Route 1 Pinnacle, NC 27043 Mr. & Mrs. Donnie Diamont Golf Course Road Pilot Mountain, NC 27041 Mr. Tom Dillon 119 Gloria Avenue Winston-Salem, NC 27107 Ms. Nell W. Dinkins Post Office Box 121 East Bend, NC 27018 Ms. Betty Dixon 2712 Brightwood Court Winston-Salem, NC 27106 Mr. & Mrs. Jack Dodson Walnut Cove North Carolina 27052 Mr. James Dockery, Jr. Sierra Club - North Carolina Chapter P. 0. Box 2860 Winston-Salem, N.C. 27102 GREAT WAGON ROAD FROM PHILADELPHIA Mr. Alan Eakes N.C. Division of Parks & Recreation Post Office Box 27687 Raleigh, NC 27611 Sammy & Patricia Evans 7439 Baux Mountain Road Germanton, N.C. 27019 Mr. Anthony San Filippo, Dir. North Carolina Farmland Trust 411 North Cherry Street Winston-Salem, NC 27101 PAGE 3 Mr. Vernon Flynt 6655 Broad Street Rural Hall, NC 27045 Mr. & Mrs. Jim Forrest Rt. 1, Box 403-C Crestwood Drive Pilot Mountain, NC 27041 Mr. Dan Freas 736 Magnum Drive Winston-Salem, N.C. Mr. Robert Futrell 436 Patrick Street Eden, NC 27288 27101 Mr. Stephen Futrell Attorney at Law Suite 500, First Center Bldg. 2000 West First Street Winston-Salem, NC 27103 1 GREAT WAGON ROAD FROM PHILADELPHIA Ms. Patsy M. Ginnis Route 1, Box 168 King, NC 27021 Mr. Bright Leak Gough Rt. 1 East Bend, NC 27018 Ms. Libb ie Gish 319 Bethel Drive Salisbury, N.C. 28144 Emily G. Grogan Rt. #1, Box 292B Pinnacle, NC 27043 Mr. James A. Gray 311 Muirf ield Drive Winston-Salem, N.C. 27104 Mr. Russell Hanes C/o Vulcan Materials Post Office Box 4195 Winston-Salem, N.C. 27105 Mr. Bill Holman, President N.C. League of Conservation Voters Post Office Box 12462 Raleigh, N.C. 27605 Mr. Perry Herrmann 2385 Sedgemont Drive Winston-Salem, N.C. 27103 Roger Lee Hall Route #1 Pine Hall NC 27042 Tammy Hall Rt. 4, Box 224 Yadkinville, NC 27055 • Mr. & Mrs. Robert A. Huffey 3721 Larrick Road Leesbury, , Ohio 45135 Miss Beth Hauser Dobson Mill Road Pilot Mountain, NC 27041 Mr. C.J. Hauser 932 Avon Road Winston-Salem, NC 27104 T.E. Hauser Advance #2 North Carolina 27006 Mr. W. Paul Hayworth Church Street Rural Hall, NC 27045 Mr. & Mrs. Dewey Hemric Rt. 10, Box 415 Lexington, NC 27292 Mr. Alvis Hennings Rt. 2 East Bend, NC 27018 Frank Hennings Rt. 2 East Bend, NC 27018 PAGE 4 Mr. Hoover Hennings East Bend North Carolina 27018 Perry Herrmann 2385 Sedgemont Dr. Winston-Salem, NC 27103 Mr. William Hinman, Director Historic Bethabara Park 2147 Bethabara Road Winston-Salem, NC 27106 i Mrs. Mozelle Hinshaw U Route 5, Box 193 Yadkinville, NC 27055 4 u x 00 Mr. Fred Hobson Q 4, Virginia Drive �3 Yadkinville, NC 28055 Q Mr. Burr Holcomb, Member Northwest Piedmont Council of Governments 232 Mineral Springs Drive Jonesville, NC 28642 Mr. Ned Hood Highway 601 Yadkinville, NC 27055 Mr. Paul Hooker Route 1, Box 291 Westfield, NC 27052 Richard B. Horn Rt. 4, Box 308A Advance, NC 27006 Mr. Al Hudson Route 5, Box 248 Mocksville, NC 27028 GREAT WAGON ROAD FROM PHILADELPHIA PAGE 5 Mr. Fred Hughes Post Office Box 549 Jamestown, NC 27282 Tommy Hughes Rt. 1 East Bend, NC 27018 Carol Sue -Humphrey 504 Craige Hall University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, NC 27514 Professor Michael A. Loforo 1115 Mcntview Drive Knoxville, Tennessee 37914 Mr. Phillip Hurst Community Development Dept. Mount Airy City Hall Mount Airy, NC 27053 Mr. Jimmie Hutchens, Exec. Yadkin Valley Economic Dev. District, Inc. Post Office Box 309 Boonville, NC 27011 Ken Hutchens c/o Treasure Hutch 6960 Barkwood Drive Lewisville, NC 27023 Ms. Nan Holbrook, Exec. Dir. Food Bank of Northwest NC, Inc. 1024 North Liberty Street Winston-Salem, NC 27101 GREAT WAGON ROAD FROM PHILADELPHIA News Editor THE INDEPENDENT Post Office Box 806 Rural Hall, NC 27045 Mr. Randy Ingram Stokes County Recreation Department Post Office Box 20 Danbury, NC 27016 Mr. & Mrs. Hunter James 5581 Becks Church Road Winston-Salem, NC 27106 Mrs. Lois Jones Post Office Box 566 Walkertown, NC 27051 Mr. Mark Jones c/0 Midway Cold Storage Route 11, Box 390 Winston-Salem, NC 27107 Mr. & Mrs. Otis Joyce Route 4 Madison, NC 27028 Mr. Robert Joyce, Manager Dept. of NRCD 8003 Northpoint Blvd. Winston-Salem, NC 27106 Mr. & Mrs. Walter Joyce Rt. 1 Sandy Ridge, NC Dr. Bert Kalet 527 S. Stratford Road Winston-Salem, NC 27103 PAGE 6 Ms. Suzie Lambie 312 Carolina Circle Winston-Salem, NC 27104 Ms. Anne C. Lee Rocky Mount Virginia 24151 Mr. Jay Kenny Mrs. Annette M. Leight Stokes County Recreation P.O. Box 757 Department Walkertown, NC 27051 Post Office Box 20 Danbury, NC 27016 co L .2 U Z Mr. & Mrs. Clark Kiger -= Rural Hall North Carolina 27045 C_� c�1 C.) e� Ms. Kay Kinlow 2605 Stockton Street Winston-Salem, NC 27107 GREAT WAGON ROAD FROM PHILADELPHIA PAGE 7 Peter Meyer J.B. Manring 4260 Brownsboro Rd. • Rt. 1 Apt. F-18 Pine Hall, NC 27042 Winston-Salem, NC 27106 Alice Marshall Mrs. Blanche O. Mitchell Mr. Ken Neighbors King -Times 635 Highway 65 East 1156 Salem Lake Road King, NC 27021 Rural Hall, NC 27045 Winston-Salem, NC 27107 Mr. Arlis Norman Mr. & Mrs.: Kent Martin Rt. 2 Rt. 11 East Bend, NC 27018 Westfield, NC 27053 Mr. Phil Martin, Director Yadkinville Rec. Dept. Post Office Box 426 Yadkinville, NC 27055 Joe C. Matthews Hans Mittenmeijer 280 South Liberty Street 877 Marguerite Drive Winston-Salem, NC 27101 Winston-Salem, NC 27106 Mr. Kim Matthews Mr. L.F. Mock East Bend 3625 Fraternity Church Rd. North Carolina 27018 Winston-Salem, NC 27107 Mrs. Mildred Matthews Mrs. Etta Mae Moorefield Post Office Box 848 College Street Yadkinville, NC 27055 Rural Hall, NC 27045 Mrs. Debbie Miller 510 S. Cedarwood Drive Mr. Mike Moran Danville, IL 61832 Post Office Box 222 Pinnacle, NC 27043 Mr. William McNeil Dr. & Mrs. Kent Moseley 160 N. Hawthorne Road P.O. Box 646 Winston-Salem, NC 27104 Walnut Cove, NC 27052 Mr. & Mrs. Tim Merritt Route 1, Box 285-A Pilot Mountain, NC 27041 Mr. Henry Oosthoek 3180 Old Hollow Road Walkertown, NC 27051 C%3 C1 Mr. Billy Pfaff Route 1, Box 112 Columbia, Kentucky 42728 Mr. Harvey Pardue 277 Stultz Street Rural Hall, NC 27045 Danny Phillips Rt. 4, Box 82 East Bend, NC GREAT WAGON ROAD FROM PHILADELPYIA Johnny & Lisa Purdy Rt. 2, Box 592 Pilot Mountain, NC 27041 PAGE 8 Ms . Emily T. Rossie Post Office Box 17033 Winston-Salem, NC 27106 Mrs. Margaret Plemmons, Manager Regional Office of NRCD Bettye Rutledge 8003 Northpoint Blvd. P.O. Box 72 Winston-Salem, N.C. 27106 Germanton, NC 27019 Mr. Ivey M. Redmon Town Commissioner 27045 202 Westwood Drive Kernersville, NC 27284 Dr. Ruth Phillips 490 Avalon St. Winston-Salem, NC 27104 Mr. L.D. Piltcher Rt. 4 East Bend, NC 27018 Mr. Larry Piltcher 9t. 4, East Bend, NC 27018 Mr. Pittman 3206-i) Lawndale Drive Greensboro, NC 27408 Mr. Robert Poplin 401 Pine View Drive Mount Airy, NC 27030 Mrs. Floyd Rich Route 4, Box 20 Reidsville, NC 27320 Rosa & Wayne Richardson 2562 Alderney Lane Winston-Salem, NC 27103 Mr. Harold Rives 220 N. Hawthorne Winston-Salem, NC 27104 Mr. Ben Robertson Archeology Department Wake Forest Diversity Post Office Box 7808 Winston-Salem, N. C. 27109 Mrs. Irma Robertson Route 31 Box 7 East Bend, NC 27018 Mr. Oran Sawyer 3910 Haskins Rd. Walkertown, NC 27051 Marian Scott 1311 Dollar Avenue Durham, NC 27701 Mr. Mark Serosky Forsyth County Recreation Department Hall of Justice Winston-Salem, NC 27101 Mr. Charlie Shelton 2000 West First Street Suite 700 .n Winston-Salem, NC 27104 v C) r� w «� :) Mr. Ed Shelton 2000 West First Street Suite 700 : r Winston-Salem, NC 27104` c -i ;.s Mr. Alvis Shore Rt. 1 Boonville, NC 27011 Mr. & Mrs. Darle Shouse Post Office Box 461 King, NC 270_2 GREAT WAGON ROAD FROM PHILADELPHIA I ,Boddy Dean Sizemore Mr. David Southern • General Delivery Route 1 Pine Hall, NC 27042 King, NC 27021 Ms. Elsie Sizemore Mr. Marvin Sparger Route 2 314 Franklin Street Dobson, NC 27017 Mount Airy, NC 27030 Mr. Mark Sizemore Mr. Arthur Spaugh, Director Route 1 Old Salem, Inc. Madison, NC 27025 600 South Main Street Winston-Salem, NC 27101 Mickey Sizemore Mr. Dean Spaugh P.O. Box 36 2710 South Stratford Rd. Pine Hall, NC 27042 Winston-Salem, NC 27103 Dennis Slate Ms. Janet Steele Rt. 1, Box 181 4204 Randleman Road Germanton, NC 27019 Greensboro, NC 27406 Mac Smith 345 Academy Street PAGE 9 Rural Hall, NC 27045 Z cc .ca Mr. Steve Stokes ca Z c/o Midway Cold Storage Route 11, Box 390• - Winston -Salem, NC 27107 %n C Mrs. Lois B. Smith Bonnie & David Stratton cD 1 Walnut Cove Route 3, Box 318-2 North Carolina 27052 Walnut Cove, NC 27052 Mr. & Mrs. Greg Snyder Rt. 1 Pinnacle, NC 27043 Mr. Wayne Snyder Surry Line Road Pinnacle, NC 27043 GREAT WAGON ROAD FROM PHILADELPHIA Mr. Roy Thompson Staff Reporter Winston-Salem Journal P.O. Box 3159 Winston-Salem, NC 27102 Mr. John Tincher 1428 Waybridge Lane Winston-Salem, NC 27103 Barbara Todd P.O. Box 11666 Winston-Salem, NC 27116 Mr. Perry Turner 4 Washington Estate Clemmons, NC 27012 Burl Tuttle Route 2 Walnut Cove, NC 27052 Mr. Robert Ulery, Jr. 929 W. Fifth Street Winston-Salem, NC 27101 Mrs. Marion Venable Post Office Box 22 Siloam, NC 27047 PAGE 10 Mr. & Mrs. Tommy Wagoner., Supt. Hanging Rock State Park Danbury, NC 27016 Mr. Jim Wall 181 Church Street Mocksville, NC 27028 Ms. Judi Wallace 765 Hertford Road Winston-Salem, NC 27104 Mr. & Mrs. Bill Weavil 2700 Friedland Church Road Winston-Salem, NC 27107 Mr. William Webster Superintendent N.C. Division of State Parks Post Office Box 27687 Raleigh, NC 27611 Mr. & Mrs. Hubert Ward cv ,a P.O. Box 187 U Colfax, NC 27235 /v w Ct.. Mr. & Mrs. Paul Watson v 6 Route 1 C."' :-E Pinnacle, NC 27043 ra •�;. ca Mr. & Mrs. Bill Weavil 2700 Friedland Church Road Winston-Salem, NC 27107 Mr. William Webster Superintendent N.C. Division of State Parks Post Office Box 27687 Raleigh, NC 27611 Irl F GREAT WAGON ROAD FROM PHILADELPHIA Ms. Kathy White Recreation consultant Dept. of NRCD Northpoint Blvd. Winston-Salem, NC 27106 Mr. Charles O. Williams Route 1, Box 376-A Mocksville, NC 27028 Mrs. Evelyn Wilson 1605 Paragon Drive Winston-Salem, NC 27107 Dr. Ned Woodall Anthropology Department Wake Forest University Winston-Salem, NC 27109 Harold Williams Rt. 1 East Bend, NC 27018 Woodlyn Western Store Highway 601 South Yadkinville, NC 27055 Dick & Lynn Ziglar 3321 Paddington Lane Winston-Salem, NC 27106 Pete Wright Mr. Richard Ziglar Rural Hall 3121 Starlight Drive North Carolina 27045 Winston-Salem, NC 27107 PAGE 11 i 5 � FF J•: r '9 b Y " U ro Kc yz i LD I I� �� I.J N rybV it Al E X § A of N n O 7 $ �0o]Iw.9r�, 4-4 o/ CI91 'O] SCMOIS { 1 4 onneJ yZ sv ry \ ut Ntiu+vw 3�... ii,c 59 oral oa \./ I ;:r 1[e( i •L« liar o. \ i !•: u nor A I e «q M—.21-,WEo fe(f a'M'1U � 91a1 5 Y. tFt lra( OYi1 re [Ulr O9"9 •w I ilu ^ nel y .1O�etai v« o. '+' ❑ v te•N tic n tlel `- f10�� L Y tial t9 ZION S` ° fab[ � tUl tt •oN nal a i(« A 'fie till U[i" ofelr WE (UT F e rUT it Q` � iNf .oL.9L •«- r 4e ltl slil in n + a 'i: boel Y f. 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