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Indian TrailsI ` 0 U e 746 I\11TAN THAILS OF THS SOUTHEAST Isrn. ANN. 42 Later the investirnrlon was carried beyond the boundaries of Ten- nossoo, with tilt, help of early published and unpublished documonts, and letters to and por onal interviews with numerous citizens of the suction. Tho result. of this Work aro shown in Plate 14, in which ]ins been unlployod ilio sc•honx+ of conventions adopted for the Areha'ulogie Cartography of North .America, and in Plate 15. LIST OF TRAILS By JOHN R. SWA\TOY Most of the names in the following list worn bostowed by Mr. Myor, and his numbers have been retained as far as possiblo. For trails left unnamed the editor has soloctod those designations which appealed to him as most appropriate and the numbers have boon filled in so as to make a consecutive series. Occasionally it has been found necessary to introduce alterations in the numbers, and in a very few cases in the names also, but the bulk of these Changes are of a hind which it would have been incumbent on the author himself to adopt had he lived long enough to proparo his work for the press. The starrod trails are those which Mr. \Iyer has troated in his text. The principal authority for trails 63, 04, fili, 07, OS, 72, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78, S7, and parts of 19 and SO was Charles C. Royce's report on "Indian Land Cessions in the United States" and the accompanying maps (1Sth Ann. Ropt. Bur.,Amor. Ethn., Pt. 2, Washington, 1902); the principal authority for trails 60, 79, 81, 82, 83, 34, S5, So, SS, 89, and the South Carolina portion of SO was the Mitchell Map of 1755; the principal authority for trails 62 and 70 was the Melish Map of 151.1; the principal authority for trail 69 the Do Crenay \lap of 1733 nd the principal authorities for trail 90 Phalan's IIistory of Ten-'nessoc and Lusher's map roproducod by Malmno in "Tho Chickasaw Nation" (Louisville, Iiy., 1922). Lusher tees also the chief source of information for tho trail systiml of nort.horn Mississippi. 4 i *1..11anant-o-wamiowee (Buffalo Path). 2. The Big Bone Lick and Little Miami Trail. *3. 'Fite Licking Route. *4. The Big Bunc-Blue Lick Trail. *5. The Wilderness Road. G. Old Road from Fort Washington to Tennessee. 7. Old Kentucky State Road. S. Pioneer Road from IIarrodsburg to the Falls of the Ohio. 9. Pioneer Road front Lcsington to the Falls of the Ohio. 10. Trail between Duck River and Beech River, Tennessee. *11. The Bolivar and Memphis Trail. Z *12. The West Tennessee Chickasaw Trail. SL *13. The Cisco and Savannah Trail. _ 14. The Cisco and Middle Tennessee Trail. —O *15. The Brownsville, Fort Ridge and Halo's Point Trail. *16. The Alississippi and Tennessee River Trail. JS / I Davie COW* Pubtic Library Mocksville, NC 4 i . ...t - •t, �' • , .. ..,�,�.•, r• ..� .. .. �_ '-w':1•+•" •✓.• �'..'.. = .. -�.• 't. :�<+:' .. .. _ jr. .�. •�.•ir; -+..i ..�.i«.•+fwY. `C'•'ir •' . Af INDIAN TRAILS Op 747 c *17. The Lower IIarpeth and Kest Tennessee Trail. ► - " *1S. The Duck River and Northeast Missi--ii►pi 'frail. jt : *19. The Natchez Trace or the Middle Tenncr.see Chickasaw Trace. *20. The Great South Trail. 1. 9 " *21. The Cisea and .St. Augustine Trail. *2`3. The Nickajack Trail. ,s. il:r ;;,�► *'_3. The Black Fox "frail. *24. The Cumbcrland and Ohio Falls Trail. *25. The Cumberl:uul and Great Lakes Trail. s , f ; v 3� *2G. The Cumberland Trace. I 1i ii .•� ! *'27. The Chickamauga Path. 2S. The East and West Trail. V *29. The Tennessee River, Ohio, and Great Lakes Trail. - gr *30. The Clinch River and Cumberland Gap Trail. I: >;Ic *31. The Great Indian Warpat h. " *32, 32:x, 32B, 32c. The Warriors' Path in Kentucky. f -_' 33. The Catawba Trail. *34. The Old Waterloo Road. s' o� 35. The Unicoi Turnpike. A5._*36. The Chesapeake Branch of the Great Indian Warpath. !� 37. The Old Cherokee Path to Virginia. '}t 38. The Tuckaleechce and Southeastern Trail. iK *39. Rut herf c rd's War Trace. ' i 1����� • } ,; _ ' ;, • • *40. The Nashville -Saline River Trail. i ►: ti �•� t . _ *41. The Russellvillr-Shawneetown Trail. '' �'' i �•�'-! *42. The Palmyra -Princeton Trail.+ ♦E `f . *43The Russellville-llopkinsville Trail. .• `•:: 44. The Clarksville-Iiopkinsville Trail. I= *45. Boone's Trail from the Yadkin River to Boonesborough. •s' r' 46. The Saura-Saponi Trail. 47. Trail from Bermuda hundred to Amelia. 4,. The trail between Painunkey and New Rivers. -; 49. Pioneer Road from Petersburg to Tar River. 50. Pioneer Road between Virginia and Roanoke River. 51. Pioneer Road between Virginia and Albemarle Sound. 52. The New River and Southern Trail. t• 53. The Catawba and ?northern Trail. �:n''"' *.54. The Big Sandy Trail. r. t *55, 55A. The Guyandot frail. { "' *56. The Coal River Trail. ' F *57. The Paint Creek Trail. I ; t•,:;i t' t" ''�•' *58. The Ncw River and Cumberland Gap Trail. *59, 59a, 590. Trail along; the North Fork of Tug River. ..r :r =; 60. The Lower Creek Trading Path. 61. The Augusta, �Iacon,'Montgomery, and Mobile Trail. , 62. Route of Gen. Jackson's army when invading the Creek country. 63. Hightower Path. ' 64. The Oki Road from the Tennessee River to Georgia. I If;;#;► t y 65. The Chakehiuma Trail,:. �� t `.i { • ;R4'.' *lits. Gaines's Tram (according to Royce). .. 67. General Jackson's Old Military Road. �.. �. #: GS. Route of General .Iaekson's expedition again the Indians in 1757. .f 69. Route from Tombigbee River to the month of the Arkansas. ' •' i�}r ,�s 1 70. Route followed h. -General Cox's Army (1lclish map, IM -1). 71. Long Island and Trenton (Lookout mountain Town) Trail.public f Libras Mfie orx5ville, NC .�%A L� •f •f�T� �• �-'Iia' :. ...♦. ^•6 a�~� :.'4'�+To.�:av:.iir'i��f•Mfi. w �r v' � '��:' '�4J�t:i�iYiAi �it�-k-.v.�y, �. ..r;lt ": %C:r ♦.� a_ � ���.-�1..« wf/IL �#��t'f2in:%:s•�� �Ly�l �.��r'.��y�,.�, ...y,�,,��::` is ' - T• . ... �..:. - .:1:i't .�~` yL. P. �.'3.'.._ ♦ �t '~.. �.. •""xiS.1!A - ... _ .� ;!♦- r":�'�', .:.': '__'Y._��'�rdT`�r\.�"•: br.•-�IF�'�.#�. 748 INDIAN TRAIUS Or, THI, SM.77HEAST (a:ru. ANN. 42 72. The Chat tanooga-11'illstorn Road. 7.3. The Old Creel: I'atla♦ 7.1. The Ol,( Patlr from fort Charlotte to the Cherokce Countrv. *75. The Srtlu:aehic Trail. 76. The Old Chrrokov 'Trading Path. 77. The Lotvr•r (.`. larroker 'Traders' 1'31 11 laa'iol' to 1775. 7R. The Old Soot h Carolina State Roati to t he -North. 79. The trail from Fort Moore (Au,usta) to Charleston. *SO. The Oceaaaecelai Pat la. S1. The trail from Charleston to Fort Charlotte. S2. The trail from Augusta to Savannah. 33. The trail from Charleston to Savannah, S4. The trail from Savannah to Jacksonville. 33. The trail from St. Augustine and Jacksonville to Apalachee Bay. SG. The trail from Tugaloo to Apalachce Bay. 87. The Old Iu(l:a,ra Path between Coosa alad Tugaloo. SS. The Wilmington, High Point, and Northern Trail. S9. The Occonec Path. *90. The Cherokee Trace. *91. The trail from \;rtchcz to the Loner Creeks. 92. The trail from -Natchez to New Orleans. 93. The trail from Ba*- .St. Louis to the Choctaw. 9.1. The trail from .�ug�asta to the Cherokee ria Fort Charlotte. 95. Trail between Pearl River and Lake Pontchartrain. 96. Trail between Natchez and Lake Pontchartrain. 97. Trail between the Tunica and Lake Pontchartrain. 98. Trail East from Baton Rouge. _ *99. The trail from .Mobile to Natchez. *100. The - atchez'and Texas Trail. 101. Trail between Natchez and the Atchafalaya. 102. The Tallapoo.a Trail. 103. Trail between Columbia and Liberty, Mississippi. 104. The Chickasaw -Tunica Old Fields Trail. *105. The "Memphis, Pontotoc, and Mobile Bay Trail. *106. Trail from the Upper Crocks to Pensacola. *107. Trail fr►an St. Augustine to the mouth of Flint River. IOS. Trail from Palatka to Jacksonville. 109. Trail from Picolata to Jacksonville. 110. Trail from Augusta to St. Augustine. *111. Old Trading Path from the Savannah to Pensacola. 112. The Alabama -Chickasaw Trail. 113. The Okfuskee Trail. 114. The :Middle Qreek Trading Path. 115. Tho -trail from Selma to Mobile' I1G. Trail from 11•illy ala Bar to the Cheraws. 117. Trail from Charle,ion to 11•inyah Bay. 115. Trail from 'lolaile to the Lower Crocks. *119. The 11iri(Il0 Meml►his-1'ontot•or Trail. 120. me Cotton Gin fort, t.•1it•pht•uc, and Nlnl)ilc B:t}•'I'r»il. 1'31. 'I'll(!('la)#•ta��• :noel Muhih: 11ay \Ii,ltllc Route. 122. 'frail from Alachua to Tampa Day. j 12:3. The Southern ht. Augustine-Apalachee Trail. 121. The Alabama, Choctaw, and Natchez Trail. 125. The Alabama and Mobile Trail. ��,tsjQ C©tire public Library Nj0elisv►lle, NC THE SAUSBURY SUNDAY POST 12B B Sunday, December 10, 1978 Indians. used knotted , trees to mark 'trading paths by CARL SPENCER A practice long used by the American red man in marking important trails, was to tie a knot in a young sapling and point the thin trunk in the general direction of the desired distant point. The picture of a knotted tree, above, tied centuries ago by an Indian is one of the very few such trees in North Carolina unusual tree marker stands high atop Beech Mountain in the beautiful hili country of western North Carolina. The tree is a tourist attraction at a resort near its location. The old tree measures more than one foot in diameter and has a trunk -spread of some 30 or more feet. Oddly enough, how- ever, no historical record has come to light concerning any early paths in that particular area of the mountains, although the trunk was bent in the general direction of a Cherokee encamp- ment once some miles in the distance. Authorities believe the strange tree is located on or near what was once the "Great Trad- ing Path" that continued on into Cherokee territory. Long before white man first ventured into the vast and col- orful wilderness that spread over much of North Carolina, animal trails webbed through wide areas of the units plored land. And it was these animal pathways that later became roadways for a new civilization that followed. A number of such early trails are today the country's more prominent high- ways stretching from coast to coast. Of the numerous early trails in the Southeast, one has be- come famous and widely known. And down through the centuries AMERICAN INDIAN it has been called the "Great Trading Path" beginning in a part of what is now Virginia and extending through the Carolinas and into Georgia, for more than 500 miles. The triol greatly aided the movement of early travelers and traders who visited among various Indian tribes in those parts for many years. Following an old animal and Indian trail, beginning at Fort Hemy (now Petersburg, Va.) in the mid 1500's, white travelers first journeyed over the Great Path and down into North Udific Go. i'cW�ctwiary Mocksviile, N. C. �.z l N W marker Carolina.The famous trail en- tered the Tar Heel State in what is now Granville County. And from there it continued on through the counties of Durham, Orange, Alamance, Randolph, Davidson, Rowan, Cabarrus, Mecklenburg and Union. It was while following the rough ter- rain along the Great Path that travelers encountered tribal groups often mentioned in his- torical recordings. Among these were -the powerful Oc- caneechees, Eno ribe, the Key- auwees, Sauras (near Salibury on Yadkin River), Catawba, Waxhaws, and Cherokees. Other smaller tribes were also visited. A number of the state's leading cities sprang up on the Great Path. It was after leaving the Ran- dolph County Keyauwees, th travelers continued their trek i a general direction of what i now Lexington. Near there the forded "Swearing Creek" befor, journeying one to a spot on th Yadkin River where a settl ment of natives known as th Sanwere encamped. The loca- tion a later became known as Je sey Bottoms, and was local across the river from the prese site of Buck Steam Plant. Following a brief stay with these friendly Indians (mo tribes along the Path welcome visitors), travelers pushed on b fording the river some distano below the site of Buck Steam and continued on toward tha later became known as the Trad ing Ford settlement. The Pah then turned in a more south westerly direction toward a sit OWE CO. PUBLIC 13ORW MOC.KRVILLE, NO later W become an early colonial settlement known as Salisbury: Travelers ,passed, so records show; within one quarter of a mile from the site. Travel continued. with mem- bers of the party trekking on in the general,direction of what is now Concord. It was there the Great Path suddenly divided intotwomain forks. One path continued on intoMecklenburg County, the home of the once powerful Catawba Indians. The main body of this great tribe was located at a point where the Path crossed the Catawba River at the mouth of Sugar Creek, some 25 miles from what is now Charlotte. And from there if continued on into parts of South Caorlina where a number of tribes dwelled. The other arm of the Path went on into Union County, home of the Waxhaw Indians. The South Carolina por- tion of the Path extended on into what is now known as Augusta, ,.Ga,, There is connected with othee,popular trails leading into others areas of the Southeast. Traveler igto the Cherokee territory dulink the early times was hazardous. Somewhere in the Piedmont before reaching the foothills of. the western mountains, the old Path ended e n abruptly and there travelers s were compelled .to counter much unexplored heavy brush ' country, making travel both dan- gerous and exhausting. e The Great Trading Path like e• other Indians trails, greatly e sided the early white settlers in determining a course of immi- r- gration into many parts of the Carolinas and' Georgia. The Path, beginning in Virginia and continuing on into the Peach State, is now hard -surfaced over (mos much of the 500 mile extension.